2015年美國侵犯人權事記(全文)
Full text: Chronology of Human Rights Violations of the United States in 2015

 
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九月SEPTEMBER
1日美國聯邦調查局發布《2014年美國犯罪報告》。2014年美國共發生1165383起暴力犯罪,其中嚴重暴力傷害案件占暴力犯罪案件的63.6%,搶劫案件占28%,強奸案件占7.2%,謀殺案件占1.2%。在67.9%的謀殺案件、40.3%的搶劫案件和22.5%的嚴重暴力犯罪案件中使用了武器。2014年美國共發生8277829起財產犯罪案件。被害人因財產犯罪(排除縱火犯罪)而遭受的損失達到143億美元。

Sept. 1

According to a report, titled "Crime in the United States 2014," released by the FBI, an estimated 1,165,383 violent crimes occurred nationwide in 2014, of which 63.6 percent were aggravated assaults, 28 percent were robberies, 7.2 percent rapes and 1.2 percent murders. Firearms were used in 67.9 percent of the nation's murders, 40.3 percent of robberies, and 22.5 percent of aggravated assaults in 2014. Nationwide, there were an estimated 8,277,829 property crimes, with the victims of such crimes suffering losses calculated at an estimated 14.3 billion U.S. dollars.

9日《今日美國》網站報道,由全美律師協會及非洲裔律師和法官發布的民意調查顯示,88%的非洲裔和59%的白人認為非洲裔美國人受到了警察的不公平待遇。

Sept. 9

The USA Today website reported that according to a poll released by the National Bar Association in the United States, 88 percent of African Americans believed African Americans are treated unfairly by police, and 59 percent of whites shared that view.

10日英國《每日郵報》網站報道,美國政府阻止公開美國中央情報局在關塔那摩監獄虐待基地組織成員細節的文件?,F年44歲的阿布·祖巴耶達赫于2002年被捕,自2006年便被關押在關塔那摩監獄。他曾在一個月中遭受83次水刑并失去一目。他的辯護律師透露已經提交了一份祖巴耶達赫長達116頁的受虐口述,并指控中央情報局曾要求祖巴耶達赫不得披露受虐的細節。

Sept. 10

The U.S. government had blocked the release of documents detailing the alleged torture of a suspected top Al Qaeda operative held in Guantanamo Bay, said the Daily Mail of Britain on its website. Abu Zubaydah, a 44-year-old Saudi national, was captured in 2002 and has been held in Guantanamo since 2006. According to documents released last year, he lost an eye and was waterboarded 83 times in a single month while in the custody of the CIA at Guantanamo Bay. Joe Margulies, Zubaydah's lead defense lawyer, said the CIA declared all the 116 pages of testimony by Zubaydah classified.

16日《今日美國》網站報道,一名微軟公司前員工向法院起訴微軟公司歧視女性,指控微軟公司“全面侵犯女性技術員工的權利,并導致在其企業文化中泛濫著性別偏見”。這一訴訟正在演化為集體訴訟。

Sept. 16

The USA Today website reported that a former employee is suing Microsoft, alleging the technology giant discriminates against women in technical roles. Microsoft policies and practices "systematically violate female technical employees' rights and result in the unchecked gender bias that pervades its corporate culture," charges the lawsuit, which is seeking class action status.

18日政策創新研究所網站發表文章指出,盡管美國現任總統曾許諾在他第一個任期結束時簽署全民醫保法案,但到2014年,美國仍然有3300萬人沒有醫療保險。

Sept. 18

According to a report released on the Institute for Policy Innovation website, there were still 33 million people in the U.S. uninsured in 2014, although the incumbent U.S. president promised to sign a universal health care bill into law by the end of his first term.

21日《洛杉磯時報》《華盛頓郵報》網站報道,美國高等院校聯合會發布的一項針對美國27所大學15萬學生的網上調查顯示,超過四分之一的女大學生表示自己曾是性侵害的受害者。在南加利福尼亞州大學,29.7%的大學本科女生報告稱受到過嚴重的性侵,在全國各大學校園中遭受嚴重性侵的大學本科女生的比例為13%至30%。

Sept. 21

The Washington Post and the Los Angeles Times reported on their websites that a survey released by the Association of American Universities that covered more than 150,000 students at 27 universities showed that more than one in four female undergraduate students say they have been victimized by nonconsensual sexual contact. In California, 29.7 percent of female undergraduates at the University of Southern California reported the most serious sexual misconduct. Nationally, the rate of such misconduct ranged from 13 percent to 30 percent across campuses.

22日《華盛頓郵報》發表文章指出,在美國不信仰基督教的人想競選公職很困難,不信仰任何宗教的人想競選公職則更加困難。皮尤中心的調查顯示,在所有與宗教相關的群體中,美國人對無神論者和穆斯林群體的看法最為負面。

Sept. 22

The Washington Post reported that those who were not Christians found it difficult to run for a post in public office in the United States. And it was more difficult for those who did not have a religious belief. A Pew poll found that of all religion-related groups, atheists and Muslims were viewed the most negatively by Americans.

23日《華盛頓郵報》網站報道,19歲的非洲裔男子基思·哈里森·麥克勞德在馬里蘭州一個藥房內被發現試圖偽造處方,警察在追逐中將其射殺。

Sept. 23

The Washington Post website reported that Keith Harrison McLeod, an unarmed 19-year-old African-American man, was shot by police in Reisterstown, Maryland, after they were called to a pharmacy after the man attempted to fill a prescription that had been forged. After a short chase, officers confronted the man.

十月OCTOBER
1日英國《衛報》網站發表《美國將何時修復其殘破的民主》一文稱,觀察當今的美國政治就是觀看金錢的角逐。2016年的美國大選幾乎肯定會成為史上最昂貴的選舉。

Oct. 1

The Guardian reported on its website that observing the current American politics was like watching a game of money. The 2016 presidential election was almost going to be the most expensive one in history.

2日《芝加哥論壇報》《赫芬頓郵報》網站報道,俄勒岡州羅森伯格市烏姆普夸社區學院的學生克里斯·莫瑟爾10月1日身穿防彈衣、攜帶6支槍闖入該學院一間教室,開槍打死9人、打傷9人后自殺。這是2015年美國第45起校園槍擊事件。自2012年12月4日桑迪胡克小學槍擊案以來,美國已經發生了142起校園槍擊事件。

Oct. 2

The Chicago Tribune and the Huffington Post reported on their websites that on October 1, Christopher Sean Harper-Mercer, a student at Umpqua Community College in Roseburg, Oregon, entered a classroom in the college with a bullet proof vest on and six guns. He opened fire, killing nine people and wounding nine others, before killing himself. It was the 45th shooting at a school in 2015. There have been 142 shootings at schools since December 14, 2012, the date of the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary.

3日美國有線電視新聞網、俄羅斯新聞網網站報道,阿富汗昆都士的“無國界醫生”組織醫院10月3日受到美軍空襲,造成42人遇難,其中包括12名醫療工作人員和3名兒童?!盁o國界醫生”組織指控美軍的空襲是“戰爭罪行”而非“人為失誤”。

Oct. 3

According to the CNN and Sputnik News, a hospital run by aid group "Doctors Without Borders" in the city of Kunduz in Afghanistan was bombed by the U.S. military on October 3, causing 42 deaths, including 12 medical staff and three children. The aid group accused the air strike a "war crime" instead of an "error."

5日 《華盛頓郵報》網站報道,27歲的奧馬爾·阿里在俄亥俄州阿克倫城一個酒吧內被警察開槍打死。

Oct. 5

The Washington Post website reported that Omar Ali, an unarmed 27-year-old man, was shot by police in a bar in Akron, Ohio.

8日卡塔爾半島電視臺美國頻道網站報道,根據美國農業部的最新數據,美國大約五分之一的兒童生活在食品保障不足的家庭。2014年美國有15.4%的人口生活在糧食保障不足的家庭,總計超過4800萬人。

Oct. 8

A report by the Al Jazeera America said that approximately one-fifth of all U.S. children live in food-insecure households, according to data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. As of 2014, 15.4 percent of Americans overall reside in food-insecure households-a total of more than 48 million people.

10日《今日美國》網站報道,美國的貧富差距在20世紀80年代大幅拉大并持續惡化,低收入美國人想要向上流動越來越困難。美國最窮的20%人口的收入僅占總收入的3.1%,而最富的20%人口的收入卻占總收入的51.4%。據統計,美國一半以上的財富屬于最富的3%的人口。

Oct. 10

The USA Today website reported that in the United States, the gap between the rich and poor jumped dramatically in the 1980s, making upward mobility increasingly difficult for low-income Americans. In the United States, 3.1 percent of income earned annually went to the poorest 20 percent of people, while 51.4 percent was earned by the richest 20 percent. Statistics showed that over half of all wealth in the United States belonged to the top 3 percent of earners.

同日,英國廣播公司、俄羅斯電視臺網站報道,美國北亞利桑那大學和得克薩斯南方大學10月9日分別發生1起大學校園槍擊案,使美國2015年的校園槍擊案攀升到52起,其中30人被殺,53人受傷。On the same day, the BBC and the RT America reported that gunfire broke out on October 9 on the Northern Arizona University and Texas Southern University campuses. With the two shootings on college campuses, the number of U.S. school shootings in 2015 has climbed to 52, with 30 people killed and 53 others injured.
14日法新社報道,10月14日公布的統計數據表明,紐約是一個極度不平等的城市,十分貧窮的布魯克林區的居民要比生活在華爾街附近的富裕居民平均少活11年。

Oct. 14

An AFP report showed that New York was a city of extreme inequality, where people in the poor neighborhood of Brooklyn died 11 years earlier than those living around Wall Street, according to data released on October 14.

15日英國《每日郵報》網站報道,被曝光的有關美國無人機暗殺計劃的絕密細節顯示,90%被殺死的人都不是預先要攻擊的目標。2012年1月至2013年2月在阿富汗東北部所發動的一場代號為“干草機”的行動中,大約有219人被炸死,但僅有35人是預先要攻擊的目標,命中準確率只有15%,并且所有的死者都被貼上“陣亡敵人”的標簽。

Oct. 15

According to a report run by Daily Mail website, when carrying out drone assassinations, the U.S. military used "phone data alone" -- a limited way of guaranteeing a kill. During Operation Haymaker, a campaign in northeastern Afghanistan which ran between January 2012 and February 2013, some 219 people were killed by drones but just 35, 15 percent, were the intended targets. During another five-month stretch of the operation, a staggering 90 percent of those killed were not the intended target. Despite this all the deaths were labeled EKIA, or "enemy killed in action."

22日美國在線網站報道,美國許多大城市當日舉行針對警察暴行的抗議活動。抗議活動組織者在網站上列出了美國警察暴行的五大驚人特征:(1)2015年有920多人被警察殺死;(2)在沒帶武器的情況下,非洲裔美國人遭遇警察時被殺的概率是白人的兩倍;(3)美國土著人被執法人員殺害的概率與非洲裔一樣高;(4)過度使用暴力是警察不當行為中最為常見的一種形式;(5)警察殺死1000個人,才會有1名警察被判有罪。

Oct. 22

The AOL website reported that protests were held in many major cities and towns across the United States on October 22 to stop police brutality. The event's organizer posted 5 shocking facts about police brutality in the United States on its website: 1. More than 920 people have been killed by the police in 2015; 2. Black Americans are more than twice likely to be unarmed when killed during police encounters than whites; 3. Native Americans are the group just as likely as blacks to be killed by law enforcement officers; 4. Excessive force is one of the most common forms of police misconduct; 5. For every 1,000 people killed by police, only one officer is convicted of a crime.

23日美國哥倫比亞巡回法院上訴法庭當日作出判決,裁定一名在國外對美國公民阿米爾·馬歇爾實施非法拘禁、審訊和酷刑長達4個月的聯邦探員將不會被問責。馬歇爾在輾轉多個國家的監獄遭受單獨囚禁和酷刑、死亡威脅被送回美國后,體重減少了80磅。但哥倫比亞巡回法院上訴法庭卻裁決他不能因這種侵權行為而起訴聯邦政府。

Oct. 23

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled that Amir Meshal couldn't sue the FBI for illegally detaining, interrogating and torturing him abroad for four months. Meshal claimed FBI agents held him without process or access to counsel, put him in solitary confinement, and threatened him with torture and death, and returned him to the United States after multiple transfers to squalid jails in several countries.

同日,《基督教科學箴言報》網站報道,美國商會是美國最大的商業游說團體,它計劃在2016年選舉中發揮“積極”作用。該商會稱,相對于2014年選舉中花費的7000萬美元,對2016年選舉的付出將增加到1億美元。On the same day, the Christian Science Monitor reported on its website that the American Chamber of Commerce, the biggest commercial lobbying group in the nation, planned to play an active role in the 2016 presidential election. The chamber said it would spend 100 million U.S. dollars in 2016 presidential election, compared with 70 million in 2014.
31日據美國無家可歸者聯盟統計,紐約市無家可歸者人數已達到自20世紀30年代大蕭條以來的最高水平。2015年10月紐約共有59568名無家可歸者每天晚上是在庇護場所里度過的,其中包括14361個無家可歸的家庭和23858名無家可歸的兒童。目前每天在紐約市庇護所過夜的無家可歸者人數比10年前高出86%。每天晚上還有成千上萬衣衫襤褸的無家可歸者露宿在紐約街頭、地鐵和其他公共空間或場所里。

Oct. 31

According to information provided by the Coalition for the Homeless, in recent years, homelessness in New York City had reached the highest levels since the Great Depression of the 1930s. In October 2015, there were 59,568 homeless people, including 14,361 homeless families with 23,858 homeless children, sleeping each night in the New York City municipal shelter system. The number of homeless New Yorkers sleeping each night in municipal shelters was 86 percent higher than it was ten years ago. Each night thousands of unsheltered homeless people slept on New York City streets, in the subway system, and in other public spaces.

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