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2015年美國侵犯人權(quán)事記(全文)
Full text: Chronology of Human Rights Violations of the United States in 2015

 
Comment(s)打印 E-mail China.org.cn 2016-04-18
調(diào)整字號大小:

七月JULY
2日 《華盛頓郵報》網(wǎng)站報道,23歲的非洲裔男子維克托·伊曼紐爾·拉羅薩在佛羅里達(dá)州杰克遜維爾一個院子里被警察射殺。

July 2

The Washington Post website reported that Victor Emanuel Larosa, an unarmed 23-year-old African-American man, was shot by police in a yard in Jacksonville, Florida.

7日 《華盛頓郵報》網(wǎng)站報道,由美國所主導(dǎo)的聯(lián)軍應(yīng)對162名敘利亞平民的死亡負(fù)責(zé),其中包括51名兒童和35名婦女。

July 7

The Washington Post website cited the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights as saying that the U.S.-led coalition is responsible for the deaths of 162 civilians, including 51 children and 35 women.

10日《今日美國》網(wǎng)站報道,美國一些頂尖心理學(xué)家?guī)椭绹醒肭閳缶旨皣啦颗按舴浮C绹睦韺W(xué)家協(xié)會的兩位前主席成了美國中央情報局專家顧問團(tuán)的成員,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該協(xié)會道德監(jiān)督辦公室的史蒂芬·本克也瞞著協(xié)會獲得了一份旨在培訓(xùn)五角大樓審訊官的合同。

July 10

The USA Today website reported that some top psychologists had helped CIA and Pentagon bolster torture. Two former presidents of the American Psychological Association served as members of a CIA advisory panel. The association's ethics office, led by Stephen Behnke, also obtained a contract to train Pentagon interrogators.

12日英國廣播公司網(wǎng)站報道,據(jù)維基解密網(wǎng)站披露,美國一直監(jiān)聽日本的內(nèi)閣官員、銀行和公司,監(jiān)聽至少追溯到8年以前。通過監(jiān)聽,美國獲悉了日本在許多問題上的內(nèi)部討論,包括貿(mào)易對話、氣候變化政策、核能和能源政策等,還包括在日本首相官邸召開的秘密會議的內(nèi)容。美國也一直在監(jiān)聽德國、法國、巴西等國家。

July 12

A BBC website report cited Wikileaks as saying that the United States had been spying on Japanese cabinet officials, banks and companies since at least eight years ago. Wikileaks says the United States was aware of Japan's internal discussions on issues such as trade talks, climate change policy and nuclear and energy policy - as well as the contents of a confidential briefing in Prime Minister's Shinzo Abe's residence. Wikileaks had previously released files showing the United States spied on Germany, France and Brazil - like Japan, all allies.

14日皮尤中心的調(diào)查顯示,美國貧困兒童占貧困總?cè)丝诘谋壤笥趦和伎側(cè)丝诘谋壤?8歲以下人口占總?cè)丝诘乃姆种唬?8歲以下的貧困人口卻占貧困總?cè)丝诘娜种弧7侵抟岷屠酪岬呢毨和壤谴蟠蟾哂谄渌既丝诘谋壤?/td>

July 14

A Pew Research Center analysis found that children make up a larger share of the United States' impoverished than of the population as a whole - those younger than 18 make up about a quarter of the total population, but make up about a third of all Americans in poverty. African-American and Hispanic-American children in particular are overrepresented.

17日《華盛頓郵報》網(wǎng)站報道,美國民權(quán)組織對北卡羅來納州通過法律限制提前投票日期、終止同日注冊和禁止非選區(qū)選民投票提出指控,認(rèn)為這嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了非洲裔美國選民的選舉權(quán)。

July 17

The Washington Post website reported that the U.S. civil rights organizations accused North Carolina of limiting the time for early voting, ending same-day registration and banning voters from casting ballots in places other than their home constituencies through legislation. The report said the conduct seriously damaged the electoral rights of the African-American voters.

19日 《華盛頓郵報》網(wǎng)站報道,43歲的非洲裔男子塞繆爾·杜波斯在俄亥俄州奧本山被警察射殺。

July 19

The Washington Post website reported that Samuel Debase, an unarmed 43-year-old African-American man, was shot by police in Mt. Auburn, Ohio.

28日《赫芬頓郵報》網(wǎng)站報道,美國前總統(tǒng)吉米·卡特接受采訪時表示:“現(xiàn)在美國只有寡頭政治,無限制的政治賄賂成為提名總統(tǒng)候選人或當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)的主要影響因素。州長、參議員和國會成員的情況也是如此。現(xiàn)在我們的政治體系已經(jīng)遭到顛覆,它只是用來為主要的獻(xiàn)金者提供回報。”普通美國人的意愿微不足道,對公共政策的影響接近于零。

July 28

The Huffington Post reported on its website that former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said in an interview that "Now it's just an oligarchy with unlimited political bribery being the essence of getting the nominations for president or being elected president. And the same thing applies to governors, and U.S. Senators and Congress members. So, now we've just seen a subversion of our political system as a payoff to major contributors, who want and expect, and sometimes get, favors for themselves after the election is over." The preferences of the average American appeared to have only a minuscule, near-zero, statistically non-significant impact upon public policy.

31日《金融時報》網(wǎng)站報道,美國法律允許超級政治行動委員會從個人和企業(yè)籌集不受限額的資金,這改變了美國的政治格局,使億萬和百萬富翁們可以更高效地向競選者提供巨額的資金支持。美國一些最富有的家族希望花錢來影響選舉結(jié)果。向2016年總統(tǒng)候選人提供百萬美元以上捐款者的數(shù)量預(yù)計將大大超過此前歷屆選舉。

July 31

The Financial Times reported on its website that the U.S. law allows unlimited contributions to super PACs by individuals and corporations, which changed the political landscape of the nation and enabled billionaires and millionaires to donate a huge amount of fund to presidential candidates more effectively. Some affluent families hoped that they can influence the election results via their wealth. The number of donors who contributed more than one million U.S. dollars to presidential candidates would swamp the 2016 presidential race like never before.

同日,《今日美國》網(wǎng)站報道,根據(jù)全美地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)商協(xié)會三月份的報告,房租和家庭收入之間的差距已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大到無法維持的水平。On the same day, the USA Today website reported that according to a March report by the National Association of Realtors, the gap between rental costs and household income had been widening to unsustainable levels in the United States.
同日,聯(lián)合國關(guān)于買賣兒童、兒童賣淫和兒童色情制品問題特別報告員莫德·布爾·布基契奧向聯(lián)合國提交報告指出,同性戀者、跨性別者和雙性者在美國的離家出走、無家可歸青年救助方案和兒童福利體系中所占比例極大,他們中有42%的人受過性剝削。According to a report to the United Nations by Maud de Boer-Buquicchio, the UN Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, in the United States, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex youth are disproportionately represented in runaway and homeless youth programs and child welfare systems and 42 percent of them have been sexually exploited.
八月AUGUST
3日在聯(lián)合國秘書長向聯(lián)合國第七十屆會議提交的《有效促進(jìn)〈在民族或族裔、宗教和語言上屬于少數(shù)群體者權(quán)利宣言〉》的文件中,聯(lián)合國人權(quán)委員會對美國仍對種族定性的做法以及執(zhí)法人員對某些族裔群體特別是穆斯林的監(jiān)視繼續(xù)予以關(guān)切。聯(lián)合國特別報告員等曾在2014年12月對美國裁定米歇爾·布朗案和埃里克·加納案不予審判表示關(guān)切。

Aug. 3

In the document on the Effective promotion of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, a report of the United Nations Secretary-General submitted to the seventieth session of the General Assembly, the Human Rights Committee remained concerned about the practice of racial profiling and surveillance by law enforcement officials targeting certain ethnic minorities, notably Muslims. In December 2014, the Special Rapporteur expressed concerns over the decision not to bring to trial the cases of Michael Brown and Eric Garner in the United States.

4日《美國新聞與世界報道》網(wǎng)站報道,2010年以來,已經(jīng)有21個州通過了新的法律來限制投票權(quán)的行使,一些州縮短了提前投票時間,其他的州則限制了證明合法選民身份的有效文件的數(shù)量。有14個州將在2016年的總統(tǒng)大選中首次實施限制投票權(quán)行使的新措施。公民選舉權(quán)成為兩黨惡性競爭的犧牲品。

Aug. 4

According to an article on the website of the U.S. News and World Report, since 2010, a total of 21 states had adopted new laws to limit the exercise of suffrage. Some states shortened the time for early voting, while others limited the number of documents identifying one as a lawful voter. A total of 14 states will carry out fresh measures to limit the exercise of suffrage for first time in 2016 presidential election. The voting rights were hit by the vicious competition between the two parties.

同日,美國全國廣播公司財經(jīng)頻道網(wǎng)站報道,2015年受托人社會保障和醫(yī)療保險的信托基金報告顯示,美國社會保障系統(tǒng)已有25.8萬億美元的虧損。On the same day, CNBC Finance said data from the 2015 Trustees of the Social Security and Medicare trust funds report showed that the U.S. social security system was 25.8 trillion U.S. dollars in the red.
同日,在聯(lián)合國秘書長提交給聯(lián)合國大會第七十屆會議的《在反恐中保護(hù)人權(quán)和基本自由》的文件中,聯(lián)合國人權(quán)事務(wù)委員會在審查美國的情況時指出,警察或安全部隊成員在逮捕、審訊恐怖主義嫌犯時有計劃地實施酷刑、虐待行為或過度使用武力。委員會特別指出沒有看到美國關(guān)閉關(guān)塔那摩監(jiān)獄的時間表,呼吁美國盡快移交指定要移交的被羈押者。On the same day, in a document provided to the UN General Assembly by the UN General Secretary, the UN Human Rights Council expressed concern in relation to systematic practices of torture, ill-treatment or excessive use of force by members of the police or the security forces during arrest and/or interrogation of terroristic suspects. The Committee specifically raised the issue of the lack of a timeline for closure of the Guantanamo Bay facility and called for the transfer, as soon as possible, of detainees designated for transfer.
5日皮尤中心的調(diào)查顯示,有53%的白人認(rèn)為美國當(dāng)前需要加強種族平等,比2014年高出14個百分點。86%的非洲裔美國人認(rèn)為必須繼續(xù)做出改變來實現(xiàn)種族平等。

Aug. 5

Figures released by Pew Research Center showed 53 percent of whites say more needs to be done to achieve racial equality, up 14 percentage points from 2014. Eighty-six percent of African Americans said that changes must continue to be made to achieve racial equality.

7日聯(lián)合國酷刑問題特別報告員胡安·門德斯向聯(lián)合國提交的報告中指出,美國中情局在2001年9月11日后實施特別引渡和秘密拘留方案,與其他國家相互協(xié)作和協(xié)助對個人實施綁架、轉(zhuǎn)移、法外拘押和酷刑。

Aug. 7

The report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, submitted by Juan E. Mendez to the UN General Assembly said the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency conducted an extraordinary rendition and secret detention program after 11 September 2001, which saw the United States collaborate with some other countries and assist one another in abducting, transferring, extrajudicially detaining and subjecting individuals to torture.

12日聯(lián)合國秘書長向聯(lián)合國第七十屆會議提交的《關(guān)于兒童權(quán)利公約的現(xiàn)狀》的報告指出,美國仍未批準(zhǔn)或加入《兒童權(quán)利公約》。美國是目前唯一一個沒有批準(zhǔn)或加入《兒童權(quán)利公約》的國家。

Aug. 12

According to a report submitted by the UN Secretary-General to the Assembly at its seventieth session on the status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United States has yet to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The United States is so far the only country that is yet to ratify the convention.

15日《今日美國》網(wǎng)站報道,數(shù)據(jù)顯示,47%的農(nóng)村拉美裔嬰兒出生于貧困。康奈爾大學(xué)的研究人員指出:“這些孩子從一開始就輸在了起跑線上,面臨不能健康成長的風(fēng)險。”

Aug. 15

The USA Today website reported that 47 percent of rural Hispanic-American babies are born poor. The report quoted a Cornell University researcher as saying that "These babies are starting behind the starting line... And their opportunities as they move into adulthood are jeopardized."

18日皮尤中心報告顯示,美國社會保障2015年的收支差距預(yù)計大約是840億美元。據(jù)預(yù)測,社會保障綜合儲備到2034年可能完全枯竭。殘疾人保險信托基金可能在2016年底就會枯竭,養(yǎng)老和撫恤金預(yù)計在2035年被耗盡。

Aug. 18

According to a Pew Research Center report, the revenue-expenditure gap in Social Security fund in the United States was projected to be around 84 billion U.S. dollars. It was forecast that Social Security's combined reserves likely would be fully depleted by 2034. The disability-insurance trust fund could run dry as soon as the end of 2016, while the old-age and survivors' fund was expected to be depleted in 2035.

23日 博根項目網(wǎng)站報道,美國醫(yī)療護(hù)理水平在11個發(fā)達(dá)國家中倒數(shù)第一,嬰兒死亡率最高,在預(yù)防死亡方面排名倒數(shù)第二。

Aug. 23

The United States was reported to have the worst medical care system and the highest number of infant mortalities out of 11 developed countries and it ranked second to last in preventable deaths, said a report published on the Borgen Project website.

24日美國廣播公司網(wǎng)站報道,最新調(diào)查顯示,美國正在接受治療的吸毒者中五分之一的人是在18歲之前通過父母初次接觸毒品的,其中6%的人甚至使用過海洛因。

Aug. 24

The ABC news website reported that a survey said that one in five drug abusers in some treatment programs in the United States received their first taste of these illegal substances from their parents, usually before the age of 18, and of these 6 percent even used heroin with them.

26日美國哥倫比亞廣播公司弗吉尼亞州分支機構(gòu)電視臺的一名記者和一名攝影師,當(dāng)日早晨現(xiàn)場直播采訪時被槍擊身亡。兇手發(fā)給美國廣播公司傳真表示,他的作案動機源于2015年6月一名白人在南卡羅來納州非洲裔教堂實施的槍擊案。

Aug. 26

A reporter and a photographer of the local CBS television station in Virginia were shot and killed while filming a morning live television report. A manifesto sent to ABC News by the killer revealed that he was motivated by an African-American church shooting happened in June, 2015 in South Carolina that was conducted by a white man.

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