《中國的能源政策（2012）》白皮書
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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調整字號大小: 
| 七、加快推進能源科技進步 | VII. Accelerating Progress of Energy Technology |
| 改革開放以來，中國能源科技水平有了顯著提高，能源科技進步在促進節能減排、優化能源結構、保證能源安全方面發揮了重要作用。但與發達國家相比，中國能源科技水平仍存在較大差距，自主創新的基礎比較薄弱，核心和關鍵技術落后于世界先進水平，一些關鍵技術和裝備依賴于國外引進。中國將更加重視科技創新，加快建設和完善適合中國特點的、產學研一體化的能源科技創新體系。2011年，中國發布《國家能源科技“十二五”規劃》。這一首部能源科技專項規劃，確定了勘探與開采、加工與轉化、發電與輸配電、新能源等四大重點技術領域，全面部署建設“重大技術研究、重大技術裝備、重大示范工程及技術創新平臺”四位一體的國家能源科技創新體系。 | China's energy technology has developed rapidly since the country launched the reform and opening-up program in late 1978, and has played an increasingly significant role in energy conservation, emission reduction, energy structure optimization and energy security. However, China still lags behind the developed countries in this field, particularly marked by its flimsy basis for independent innovation, backwardness in core technology, and dependence on imports for some key technologies and equipment. Therefore, the Chinese government will attach more importance to technological innovation. It will establish and complete at full speed an energy technology innovation system that suits China's reality, and combines efforts of enterprises, colleges and research institutes. The National Energy Technology Program During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, issued in 2011 as China's first scheme to improve its energy technology, has outlined the four key aspects of China's energy technology, namely, exploration and exploitation; processing and conversion; power generation, transmission and distribution; and new energy. The program also contains an overall plan to build a national energy technology innovation system that integrates research into key technology, manufacturing of key equipment, key demonstration projects and a technological innovation platform. |
| ——加強能源科學技術研發。在地質、材料、環境、能源動力和信息與控制等基礎科學領域，超前部署一批對能源發展具有戰略先導性作用的前沿技術攻關項目，爭取在能源基礎科學研究領域取得突破。依托行業骨干企業和科研院所，以應用為導向，鼓勵開展煤礦高效集約開采、非常規油氣資源勘探開發、高效清潔發電、海上風電、太陽能熱發電、先進油氣儲運、大容量高效率遠距離輸電等先進適用技術研發應用。繼續實施“大型油氣田及煤層氣開發”、“大型先進壓水堆及高溫氣冷堆核電站”兩個國家科技重大專項，推進關鍵技術創新，增強能源領域原始創新、集成創新和引進消化吸收再創新能力。 | -- Reinforcing energy technology R&D. China will launch a series of strategic and advanced research projects on frontier technologies in basic sciences like geology, materials, environmental studies, power and energy, and information and control, with the aim of making breakthroughs in basic energy sciences. The Chinese government encourages major enterprises and research institutes in the industry to carry out studies in advanced and adaptive technologies, and put them into practical use, like high-efficiency and intensive coal mining technology, exploration and development technology of unconventional oil and gas resources, high-efficiency clean technology, offshore wind power technology, solar thermal power technology, advanced oil and gas storage and transportation technology, and high-capacity, high-efficiency and long-distance power transmission technology. China will press on with the two national high-tech programs -- "large oil-gas fields and coal-bed gas development," and "large and advanced pressurized-water reactor and high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power stations" -- to facilitate key technological innovations, and enhance the innovation abilities, including "original innovation," "integrated innovation" and "secondary innovation" in the energy sector. |
| ——推進能源裝備技術進步。依托重大技術裝備工程，加強技術攻關，完善綜合配套，建立健全能源裝備標準、檢測和認證體系，提高重大能源裝備設計、制造和系統集成能力。進一步完善政策支持體系，重點推進大功率高參數超超臨界機組、燃氣輪機、三代核電、可再生能源發電機組、非常規油氣資源勘探開發等關鍵設備技術進步，積極推廣應用先進技術裝備。加強對能源裝備產業的規劃引導，防止低水平重復建設。 | -- Promoting progress of energy equipment technology. Based on major technological equipment projects, China strives to make technological breakthroughs, improve supporting facilities, set up and enforce technical standards for energy equipment, establish a complete testing and certification system, and raise its ability for energy equipment design, manufacturing and system integration. China will further enhance the supporting policy system, boost the technological advance of key equipment, such as high-capacity, high-parameter and ultra-supercritical generating units, gas turbines, third-generation nuclear power, renewable energy generating units, exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources, and spreading the application of state-of-the-art equipment. The government will also strengthen planning and guidance for the energy equipment manufacturing industry to prevent redundant construction. |
| ——實施重大科技示范工程。圍繞能源發展方式轉變和產業轉型升級，在大型先進壓水堆、高溫氣冷堆、煤層氣開發利用、頁巖氣勘探開發、煤炭深加工、儲能、智能電網等領域，加大資金、技術、政策支持力度，建設重大示范工程，推動科技成果向現實生產力轉化。 | -- Launching major technological demonstration projects. Centering on the transformation of energy development mode and upgrading of the energy industry, the Chinese government will give more support in funding, technology and policy to launch major demonstration projects in such fields as large pressurized-water reactors, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, development and utilization of coal-bed gas, exploration and development of shale gas, and deep processing of coal, energy storage and smart power grids, thus promoting the application of technological and scientific research achievements in production. |
| ——完善能源技術創新體系。依托大型企業、科研機構和高校，在煤炭資源勘探、煤層氣開發利用、頁巖氣勘探開發、海洋工程裝備、大型清潔高效發電設備、智能電網技術、先進核反應堆技術等領域，繼續建設一批國家能源技術創新平臺，加強自主研發和核心技術攻關。完善國家對技術創新平臺的支持政策體系。充分發揮企業的創新主體作用，做好創新成果的推廣應用。引導科研機構、高等院校的科研力量為企業技術創新服務，更好地實現產學研有機結合。完善科技評價和獎勵制度，建立和完善能源創新人才的培養體系和激勵機制。 | -- Improving the innovation system of energy technology. The Chinese government will continue to support large enterprises, R&D institutes, colleges and universities to set up national innovation platforms that can conduct independent R&D and make breakthroughs in core technologies, especially technologies for coal exploration, development and utilization of coal-bed gas, exploration and development of shale gas, marine engineering equipment, high-capacity high-efficiency and low-pollution power generating equipment, smart grids and advanced nuclear reactors. It will improve the policy system supporting technological innovation platforms. The government will give full play to the role of enterprises in innovation, and encourage them to spread and apply innovative technologies. It will guide R&D institutes and institutions of higher learning to serve enterprises in the field of innovation, and better integrate the efforts of enterprises with that of the research institutes and institutions of higher learning. The state will set up an evaluation and reward mechanism for technological development, and establish and improve a training system and an incentive mechanism for innovations. |
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