《中國(guó)的能源政策（2012）》白皮書
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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| 七、加快推進(jìn)能源科技進(jìn)步 | VII. Accelerating Progress of Energy Technology |
| 改革開放以來，中國(guó)能源科技水平有了顯著提高，能源科技進(jìn)步在促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排、優(yōu)化能源結(jié)構(gòu)、保證能源安全方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。但與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比，中國(guó)能源科技水平仍存在較大差距，自主創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)比較薄弱，核心和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)落后于世界先進(jìn)水平，一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備依賴于國(guó)外引進(jìn)。中國(guó)將更加重視科技創(chuàng)新，加快建設(shè)和完善適合中國(guó)特點(diǎn)的、產(chǎn)學(xué)研一體化的能源科技創(chuàng)新體系。2011年，中國(guó)發(fā)布《國(guó)家能源科技“十二五”規(guī)劃》。這一首部能源科技專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃，確定了勘探與開采、加工與轉(zhuǎn)化、發(fā)電與輸配電、新能源等四大重點(diǎn)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，全面部署建設(shè)“重大技術(shù)研究、重大技術(shù)裝備、重大示范工程及技術(shù)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)”四位一體的國(guó)家能源科技創(chuàng)新體系。 | China's energy technology has developed rapidly since the country launched the reform and opening-up program in late 1978, and has played an increasingly significant role in energy conservation, emission reduction, energy structure optimization and energy security. However, China still lags behind the developed countries in this field, particularly marked by its flimsy basis for independent innovation, backwardness in core technology, and dependence on imports for some key technologies and equipment. Therefore, the Chinese government will attach more importance to technological innovation. It will establish and complete at full speed an energy technology innovation system that suits China's reality, and combines efforts of enterprises, colleges and research institutes. The National Energy Technology Program During the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, issued in 2011 as China's first scheme to improve its energy technology, has outlined the four key aspects of China's energy technology, namely, exploration and exploitation; processing and conversion; power generation, transmission and distribution; and new energy. The program also contains an overall plan to build a national energy technology innovation system that integrates research into key technology, manufacturing of key equipment, key demonstration projects and a technological innovation platform. |
| ——加強(qiáng)能源科學(xué)技術(shù)研發(fā)。在地質(zhì)、材料、環(huán)境、能源動(dòng)力和信息與控制等基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，超前部署一批對(duì)能源發(fā)展具有戰(zhàn)略先導(dǎo)性作用的前沿技術(shù)攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目，爭(zhēng)取在能源基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域取得突破。依托行業(yè)骨干企業(yè)和科研院所，以應(yīng)用為導(dǎo)向，鼓勵(lì)開展煤礦高效集約開采、非常規(guī)油氣資源勘探開發(fā)、高效清潔發(fā)電、海上風(fēng)電、太陽(yáng)能熱發(fā)電、先進(jìn)油氣儲(chǔ)運(yùn)、大容量高效率遠(yuǎn)距離輸電等先進(jìn)適用技術(shù)研發(fā)應(yīng)用。繼續(xù)實(shí)施“大型油氣田及煤層氣開發(fā)”、“大型先進(jìn)壓水堆及高溫氣冷堆核電站”兩個(gè)國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)，推進(jìn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，增強(qiáng)能源領(lǐng)域原始創(chuàng)新、集成創(chuàng)新和引進(jìn)消化吸收再創(chuàng)新能力。 | -- Reinforcing energy technology R&D. China will launch a series of strategic and advanced research projects on frontier technologies in basic sciences like geology, materials, environmental studies, power and energy, and information and control, with the aim of making breakthroughs in basic energy sciences. The Chinese government encourages major enterprises and research institutes in the industry to carry out studies in advanced and adaptive technologies, and put them into practical use, like high-efficiency and intensive coal mining technology, exploration and development technology of unconventional oil and gas resources, high-efficiency clean technology, offshore wind power technology, solar thermal power technology, advanced oil and gas storage and transportation technology, and high-capacity, high-efficiency and long-distance power transmission technology. China will press on with the two national high-tech programs -- "large oil-gas fields and coal-bed gas development," and "large and advanced pressurized-water reactor and high temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power stations" -- to facilitate key technological innovations, and enhance the innovation abilities, including "original innovation," "integrated innovation" and "secondary innovation" in the energy sector. |
| ——推進(jìn)能源裝備技術(shù)進(jìn)步。依托重大技術(shù)裝備工程，加強(qiáng)技術(shù)攻關(guān)，完善綜合配套，建立健全能源裝備標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、檢測(cè)和認(rèn)證體系，提高重大能源裝備設(shè)計(jì)、制造和系統(tǒng)集成能力。進(jìn)一步完善政策支持體系，重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)大功率高參數(shù)超超臨界機(jī)組、燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)、三代核電、可再生能源發(fā)電機(jī)組、非常規(guī)油氣資源勘探開發(fā)等關(guān)鍵設(shè)備技術(shù)進(jìn)步，積極推廣應(yīng)用先進(jìn)技術(shù)裝備。加強(qiáng)對(duì)能源裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)的規(guī)劃引導(dǎo)，防止低水平重復(fù)建設(shè)。 | -- Promoting progress of energy equipment technology. Based on major technological equipment projects, China strives to make technological breakthroughs, improve supporting facilities, set up and enforce technical standards for energy equipment, establish a complete testing and certification system, and raise its ability for energy equipment design, manufacturing and system integration. China will further enhance the supporting policy system, boost the technological advance of key equipment, such as high-capacity, high-parameter and ultra-supercritical generating units, gas turbines, third-generation nuclear power, renewable energy generating units, exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources, and spreading the application of state-of-the-art equipment. The government will also strengthen planning and guidance for the energy equipment manufacturing industry to prevent redundant construction. |
| ——實(shí)施重大科技示范工程。圍繞能源發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，在大型先進(jìn)壓水堆、高溫氣冷堆、煤層氣開發(fā)利用、頁(yè)巖氣勘探開發(fā)、煤炭深加工、儲(chǔ)能、智能電網(wǎng)等領(lǐng)域，加大資金、技術(shù)、政策支持力度，建設(shè)重大示范工程，推動(dòng)科技成果向現(xiàn)實(shí)生產(chǎn)力轉(zhuǎn)化。 | -- Launching major technological demonstration projects. Centering on the transformation of energy development mode and upgrading of the energy industry, the Chinese government will give more support in funding, technology and policy to launch major demonstration projects in such fields as large pressurized-water reactors, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, development and utilization of coal-bed gas, exploration and development of shale gas, and deep processing of coal, energy storage and smart power grids, thus promoting the application of technological and scientific research achievements in production. |
| ——完善能源技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系。依托大型企業(yè)、科研機(jī)構(gòu)和高校，在煤炭資源勘探、煤層氣開發(fā)利用、頁(yè)巖氣勘探開發(fā)、海洋工程裝備、大型清潔高效發(fā)電設(shè)備、智能電網(wǎng)技術(shù)、先進(jìn)核反應(yīng)堆技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域，繼續(xù)建設(shè)一批國(guó)家能源技術(shù)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)，加強(qiáng)自主研發(fā)和核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)。完善國(guó)家對(duì)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新平臺(tái)的支持政策體系。充分發(fā)揮企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新主體作用，做好創(chuàng)新成果的推廣應(yīng)用。引導(dǎo)科研機(jī)構(gòu)、高等院校的科研力量為企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新服務(wù)，更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研有機(jī)結(jié)合。完善科技評(píng)價(jià)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度，建立和完善能源創(chuàng)新人才的培養(yǎng)體系和激勵(lì)機(jī)制。 | -- Improving the innovation system of energy technology. The Chinese government will continue to support large enterprises, R&D institutes, colleges and universities to set up national innovation platforms that can conduct independent R&D and make breakthroughs in core technologies, especially technologies for coal exploration, development and utilization of coal-bed gas, exploration and development of shale gas, marine engineering equipment, high-capacity high-efficiency and low-pollution power generating equipment, smart grids and advanced nuclear reactors. It will improve the policy system supporting technological innovation platforms. The government will give full play to the role of enterprises in innovation, and encourage them to spread and apply innovative technologies. It will guide R&D institutes and institutions of higher learning to serve enterprises in the field of innovation, and better integrate the efforts of enterprises with that of the research institutes and institutions of higher learning. The state will set up an evaluation and reward mechanism for technological development, and establish and improve a training system and an incentive mechanism for innovations. |
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