《中國的能源政策（2012）》白皮書
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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調(diào)整字號大小: 
| 五、推動化石能源清潔發(fā)展 | V. Promoting Clean Development of Fossil Energy |
| 從世界范圍看，今后相當(dāng)長時期內(nèi)，煤炭、石油等化石能源仍將是能源供應(yīng)的主體，中國也不例外。中國統(tǒng)籌化石能源開發(fā)利用與環(huán)境保護，加快建設(shè)先進生產(chǎn)能力，淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，大力推動化石能源清潔發(fā)展，保護生態(tài)環(huán)境，應(yīng)對氣候變化，實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排。 | Worldwide, fossil energy, including coal and oil, will continue to play a dominant role in energy supply for a long time to come. China is no exception. Therefore, China will continue to plan fossil exploitation and utilization, with environmental protection taken into account. It will speed up the construction of advanced production capacity, eliminate outdated capacity, push forward the clean development of fossil energy, protect the ecological environment and cope with climate change, so as to attain the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. |
| ——安全高效開發(fā)煤炭。中國煤炭工業(yè)堅持科學(xué)布局、集約開發(fā)、安全生產(chǎn)、高效利用、保護環(huán)境的發(fā)展方針。按照控制東部、穩(wěn)定中部、發(fā)展西部的原則，推進陜北、黃隴、神東等14個大型煤炭基地建設(shè)。實施煤炭資源整合和煤礦企業(yè)兼并重組，發(fā)展大型煤炭企業(yè)集團。優(yōu)先建設(shè)大型現(xiàn)代化露天煤礦和特大型礦井。實施煤礦升級改造和淘汰落后產(chǎn)能，提高采煤機械化程度和安全生產(chǎn)水平。大力發(fā)展礦區(qū)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟，加大煤炭洗選比重，合理開發(fā)煤炭共伴生資源。按照能源密集、技術(shù)密集、資金密集、長產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、高附加值的發(fā)展導(dǎo)向，有序建設(shè)煤炭深加工升級示范工程。鼓勵建設(shè)低熱值煤炭清潔利用和加工轉(zhuǎn)化項目。加強煤炭礦區(qū)環(huán)境保護和生態(tài)建設(shè)，做好采煤沉陷區(qū)和影響區(qū)的生態(tài)綜合治理、土地復(fù)墾等工作。 | -- Developing the coal industry in a safe and highly efficient way. China sticks to the guideline of "scientific overall arrangement, intensive development, safe production, efficient utilization and environmental protection" in the development of the coal industry. Following the principle of "enforcing control in the eastern regions, maintaining stability in the central regions, and promoting development in the western regions," it will push ahead with the building of 14 large coal-mining bases, including the Shaanbei, Huanglong and Shendong coalfields. By means of integration of coal resources, and merger and reorganization of coal mining enterprises, the country will bring into being large coal mining conglomerates. Priority will be given to the development of large open-pit and super-large coal mines. It aims to enhance overall mechanization and safe production in coal mining through upgrading and reconstruction, and elimination of outdated production capacity. Vigorous efforts will be made to develop a circular economy in the mining areas, increase the washing and dressing rate of raw coal, and rationally develop associated resources. Following the approach of energy, technology and capital-intensive development with extensive industrial chain and high added value, the country will develop demonstration projects of upgraded downstream products in an orderly way. It will encourage the construction of projects for clean production, utilization, processing and conversion of low-calorific-value coal. It will strengthen environmental protection and ecological construction in the mining areas by way of comprehensive ecological management and land reclamation in mining-subsidence and other areas affected by coal-mining operations. |
| ——清潔高效發(fā)展火電。中國堅持低碳、清潔、高效的原則，大力發(fā)展綠色火電。鼓勵煤電一體化開發(fā)，穩(wěn)步推進大型煤電基地建設(shè)。積極應(yīng)用超臨界、超超臨界等先進發(fā)電技術(shù)，建設(shè)清潔高效燃煤機組和節(jié)能環(huán)保電廠。繼續(xù)淘汰能耗高、污染重的小火電機組。嚴(yán)格控制燃煤電廠污染物排放，新建煤電機組同步安裝除塵、脫硫、脫硝設(shè)施，加快既有電廠煙氣除塵、脫硫、脫硝改造。鼓勵在大中型城市和工業(yè)園區(qū)等熱負(fù)荷集中的地區(qū)建設(shè)熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機組。在條件適宜的地區(qū)，合理建設(shè)燃?xì)庹羝?lián)合循環(huán)調(diào)峰機組，積極推廣天然氣熱電冷聯(lián)供。嚴(yán)格控制在環(huán)渤海、長三角、珠三角地區(qū)新增除“上大壓小”和熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)之外的燃煤機組。加強火電廠節(jié)水技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用。開展整體煤氣化聯(lián)合循環(huán)發(fā)電，以及碳捕捉與利用封存等技術(shù)應(yīng)用示范項目。 | -- Spurring clean and highly efficient development of thermal power. Upholding the principle of low-carbon, clean and efficient development, China actively promotes green thermal power generation. It encourages coal-electricity integration, and steadily pushes forward the construction of large coal-fired power bases. It vigorously applies advanced technologies, including supercritical and ultra-supercritical power generation, in the construction of clean, highly efficient and environment-friendly coal-fired power generating sets and energy-saving power plants. It speeds up the elimination of small thermal power units marked by high energy consumption and heavy pollution. In order to strictly control pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants, newly built coal-fired power generating sets must install dust-removing, desulfurization and denitration facilities, and the existing plants are asked to speed up their dust removal, desulfurization and denitration upgrading. It encourages the construction of thermoelectricity co-generation units in large- and medium-sized cities and industrial parks where thermal loads are relatively concentrated. It constructs combined-cycle gas-steam peak-load units and promotes heat-electricity-cooling co-generation with natural gas as fuel in accordance with local conditions. It has imposed strict restrictions on the construction of new coal-fired power generating sets in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta areas, except those built for the purpose of "constructing large units and restricting small ones" and co-generation. Intensified efforts have been made to spread water-saving technology in thermal power plants. It develops the integrated gasification combined cycle power generation, and demonstration projects of carbon capture, utilization and storage. |
| ——加大常規(guī)油氣資源勘探開發(fā)力度。中國將繼續(xù)實行油氣并舉的方針，穩(wěn)定東部、加快西部、發(fā)展南方、開拓海域。推進原油增儲穩(wěn)產(chǎn)，穩(wěn)步推進塔里木盆地、鄂爾多斯盆地等重點石油規(guī)模生產(chǎn)區(qū)勘探開發(fā)。加強老油田穩(wěn)產(chǎn)改造，提高采收率。加快天然氣發(fā)展，加大中西部地區(qū)主力氣田產(chǎn)能建設(shè)，抓好主力氣田增產(chǎn)，推進海上油氣田勘探開發(fā)，逐步提高天然氣在一次能源結(jié)構(gòu)中的比重。優(yōu)化煉油工業(yè)布局，建設(shè)若干大型煉化基地，形成環(huán)渤海、長三角、珠三角三大煉油集聚區(qū)，實現(xiàn)上下游一體化、煉油化工一體化、煉油儲備一體化集約發(fā)展。 | -- Intensified efforts in prospecting and exploitation of conventional oil and gas resources. China will continue to implement the policy of "simultaneous development of oil and gas," with the target of stabilization in the east, acceleration in the west, development in the south and exploitation in the offshore areas. The country will steadily increase crude oil output and reserves by means of stepping up efforts in prospecting for and exploiting oil in major oil-production areas, including those in the Tarim and Ordos basins, and improving renovation for stable yields and increasing the recovery ratio in old oilfields. In its efforts to speed up the development of natural gas, the country will enhance the productivity and increase the output of natural gas in major gas fields in the central and western regions, push forward the development of offshore oil-gas fields, and gradually increase the proportion of natural gas in the primary energy structure. It will optimize the distribution of the refining industry, construct some large refining and chemical bases, and establish three major refining cluster areas in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, so as to realize upstream and downstream integration, refining and chemicals integration, and refining-reserve integrated management. |
| ——積極推進非常規(guī)油氣資源開發(fā)利用。加快非常規(guī)油氣資源勘探開發(fā)是增強中國能源供應(yīng)保障能力的重要手段。中國將加快煤層氣勘探開發(fā)，增加探明地質(zhì)儲量，推進沁水盆地、鄂爾多斯盆地東緣等煤層氣產(chǎn)業(yè)化基地建設(shè)。加快頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)，優(yōu)選一批頁巖氣遠(yuǎn)景區(qū)和有利目標(biāo)區(qū)。加快攻克頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)核心技術(shù)，建立頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)新機制，落實產(chǎn)業(yè)鼓勵政策，完善配套基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，實現(xiàn)到2015年全國產(chǎn)量達到65億立方米的總體目標(biāo)，為頁巖氣未來的快速發(fā)展奠定堅實的基礎(chǔ)。加大頁巖油、油砂等非常規(guī)油氣資源勘探開發(fā)力度。 | -- Actively promoting the development and utilization of non-conventional oil and gas resources. China's efforts to expedite the development of non-conventional oil and gas resources are an important way to enhance its security of energy supply. It will speed up the exploration and exploitation of coal-bed gas, increase the proven geological reserves, and push forward the construction of industrial bases in the Qinshui Basin and eastern edge of the Ordos Basin. In order to accelerate the development of shale gas, the country will select a group of prospective areas and favorable exploration target areas, intensify efforts to solve difficulties in core technology, set up a new development mechanism, implement incentive polices for the shale gas industry, and improve supporting facilities. China aims to increase its annual output of shale gas to 6.5 billion cu m by 2015, and lay a solid foundation for the future rapid development of shale gas. In addition, it will strengthen the development of shale oil, oil sand and other non-conventional oil and gas resources. |
| ——加強能源儲運設(shè)施建設(shè)。綜合考慮目標(biāo)市場，產(chǎn)業(yè)布局調(diào)整，煤電、風(fēng)電、核電、天然氣發(fā)電、抽水蓄能等電源點建設(shè)和進口能源，以及資源地的水和生態(tài)環(huán)境承載力等因素，統(tǒng)籌謀劃能源輸送通道建設(shè)。加快既有鐵路干線擴能改造和新建鐵路煤運通道建設(shè)，提高煤炭跨區(qū)運輸能力，建設(shè)配套港口碼頭。進一步擴大西電東送、北電南送規(guī)模，完善區(qū)域主干電網(wǎng)，發(fā)展特高壓等先進輸電技術(shù)，提高電網(wǎng)資源優(yōu)化配置能力。加強原油、成品油和天然氣主干管網(wǎng)建設(shè)，提高油氣管輸比例，完善區(qū)域運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，建設(shè)沿海大型油氣接卸站。嚴(yán)格落實石油天然氣管道保護法律法規(guī)，確保油氣管道安全運行。統(tǒng)籌資源儲備和國家儲備、商業(yè)儲備，加強應(yīng)急保障能力建設(shè)，完善原油、成品油、天然氣和煤炭儲備體系。提高天然氣調(diào)峰能力。建立健全煤炭調(diào)峰儲備。 | -- Enhancing the construction of energy storage and transportation facilities. When making a plan for the construction of energy output channels, China takes many factors into consideration, including target market, industrial restructuring, construction of plants that rely on coal, wind, nuclear energy, natural gas and pumped storage for electricity generation, imported energy resources, and bearing capacity of local water resources and the ecological environment. It will increase the cross-regional coal transport capacity through technological renovation of existing railway lines, construction of new coal-transport channels, and building of supporting piers. It will expand the scope of power transmission from western to eastern China and from northern to southern China, strengthen the building of regional power grids, improve the technology of ultra-high voltage transmission, and enhance the grids' ability to optimize resource allocation. The country will expedite the construction of networks of crude oil, product oil and natural gas pipelines, increase the proportion of oil and gas transported by pipelines, improve regional networks of oil and gas pipelines, and build large coastal loading and unloading stations. It will strictly enforce laws and regulations concerning the protection of oil and gas pipelines to ensure their safe operation. China will balance its resource reserves, both state reserves and commercial reserves, enhance its ability to extend emergency support, and improve the reserve system of crude oil, product oil, natural gas and coal. Efforts will also be made to enhance the peak-shaving ability of natural gas, and build and improve coal peak-shaving reserves. |
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