Power of Decision on Major Issues
Discussing and deciding on major issues is an important function and power entrusted to the people's congresses and their standing committees by the Constitution and the law, an important way to strengthen and consolidate the Party’s ruling position and ensure that the Party’s propositions become the will of the state through legal procedures, and an important form for the people to manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings, and social affairs in accordance with the law.
The exercise of this power by the NPC and its Standing Committee is usually manifested in the form of decisions and resolutions.
The power of decision on major issues of the NPC includes:
? reviewing and approving the plan for national economic and social development and the report on its implementation;
? reviewing and approving the state budget and the report on its implementation;
? approving the establishment of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government;
? deciding on the establishment of special administrative regions and the systems to be instituted there;
? deciding on issues concerning war and peace.
The power of decision on major issues of the NPC Standing Committee includes:
? reviewing and approving partial adjustments to the plan for national economic and social development or to the state budget that prove necessary in the course of their implementation, when the NPC is not in session;
??deciding on the ratification or abrogation of treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states;
? instituting systems of titles and ranks for military and diplomatic staff, and other specific titles and ranks;
? instituting national medals and titles of honor and deciding on their conferment;
? deciding on the granting of special pardons;
? deciding on declaring a state of war in the event that the country is under armed attack or has to perform international treaties on joint resistance against aggression, when the NPC is not in session;
? deciding on national or local mobilization;
? proclaiming a state of emergency in the country or in a particular province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the central government.
重大事項決定權
討論決定重大事項是憲法和法律賦予人大及其常委會的一項重要職權，是加強和鞏固黨的執政地位，確保黨的主張通過法定程序成為國家意志的重要途徑，是人民依法管理國家事務、管理經濟和文化事業、管理社會事務的重要形式。
全國人大及其常委會行使這項權力，通常是以決定決議的方式體現。根據憲法規定，全國人大的重大事項決定權包括：審查和批準國民經濟和社會發展計劃和計劃執行情況的報告；審查和批準國家的預算和預算執行情況的報告；批準省、自治區和直轄市的建置；決定特別行政區的設立及其制度；決定戰爭和和平的問題，等等。全國人大常委會的重大事項決定權主要包括：在全國人大閉會期間，審查和批準國民經濟和社會發展計劃、國家預算在執行過程中所必須作的部分調整方案；決定同外國締結的條約和重要協定的批準和廢除；規定軍人和外交人員的銜級制度和其他專門銜級制度；規定和決定授予國家的勛章和榮譽稱號；決定特赦；在全國人大閉會期間，如果遇到國家遭受武裝侵犯或者必須履行國際間共同防止侵略的條約的情況，決定戰爭狀態的宣布；決定全國總動員或者局部動員；決定全國或者個別省、自治區、直轄市進入緊急狀態，等等。
