Power of Decision on Major Issues
Discussing and deciding on major issues is an important function and power entrusted to the people's congresses and their standing committees by the Constitution and the law, an important way to strengthen and consolidate the Party’s ruling position and ensure that the Party’s propositions become the will of the state through legal procedures, and an important form for the people to manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings, and social affairs in accordance with the law.
The exercise of this power by the NPC and its Standing Committee is usually manifested in the form of decisions and resolutions.
The power of decision on major issues of the NPC includes:
? reviewing and approving the plan for national economic and social development and the report on its implementation;
? reviewing and approving the state budget and the report on its implementation;
? approving the establishment of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government;
? deciding on the establishment of special administrative regions and the systems to be instituted there;
? deciding on issues concerning war and peace.
The power of decision on major issues of the NPC Standing Committee includes:
? reviewing and approving partial adjustments to the plan for national economic and social development or to the state budget that prove necessary in the course of their implementation, when the NPC is not in session;
??deciding on the ratification or abrogation of treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states;
? instituting systems of titles and ranks for military and diplomatic staff, and other specific titles and ranks;
? instituting national medals and titles of honor and deciding on their conferment;
? deciding on the granting of special pardons;
? deciding on declaring a state of war in the event that the country is under armed attack or has to perform international treaties on joint resistance against aggression, when the NPC is not in session;
? deciding on national or local mobilization;
? proclaiming a state of emergency in the country or in a particular province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the central government.
重大事項(xiàng)決定權(quán)
討論決定重大事項(xiàng)是憲法和法律賦予人大及其常委會(huì)的一項(xiàng)重要職權(quán)，是加強(qiáng)和鞏固黨的執(zhí)政地位，確保黨的主張通過(guò)法定程序成為國(guó)家意志的重要途徑，是人民依法管理國(guó)家事務(wù)、管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)、管理社會(huì)事務(wù)的重要形式。
全國(guó)人大及其常委會(huì)行使這項(xiàng)權(quán)力，通常是以決定決議的方式體現(xiàn)。根據(jù)憲法規(guī)定，全國(guó)人大的重大事項(xiàng)決定權(quán)包括：審查和批準(zhǔn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃和計(jì)劃執(zhí)行情況的報(bào)告；審查和批準(zhǔn)國(guó)家的預(yù)算和預(yù)算執(zhí)行情況的報(bào)告；批準(zhǔn)省、自治區(qū)和直轄市的建置；決定特別行政區(qū)的設(shè)立及其制度；決定戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和和平的問題，等等。全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)的重大事項(xiàng)決定權(quán)主要包括：在全國(guó)人大閉會(huì)期間，審查和批準(zhǔn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃、國(guó)家預(yù)算在執(zhí)行過(guò)程中所必須作的部分調(diào)整方案；決定同外國(guó)締結(jié)的條約和重要協(xié)定的批準(zhǔn)和廢除；規(guī)定軍人和外交人員的銜級(jí)制度和其他專門銜級(jí)制度；規(guī)定和決定授予國(guó)家的勛章和榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)；決定特赦；在全國(guó)人大閉會(huì)期間，如果遇到國(guó)家遭受武裝侵犯或者必須履行國(guó)際間共同防止侵略的條約的情況，決定戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)的宣布；決定全國(guó)總動(dòng)員或者局部動(dòng)員；決定全國(guó)或者個(gè)別省、自治區(qū)、直轄市進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)，等等。
