中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform
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| 三、加快完善現代市場體系 | III. Accelerating the Improvement of the Modern Market System |
| 建設統一開放、競爭有序的市場體系，是使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用的基礎。必須加快形成企業自主經營、公平競爭，消費者自由選擇、自主消費，商品和要素自由流動、平等交換的現代市場體系，著力清除市場壁壘，提高資源配置效率和公平性。 | Establishing a unified, open, competitive and orderly market system is the basis for the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources. We must put in place a modern market system in which enterprises enjoy independent management and fair competition, consumers have free choice and make autonomous consumption decisions, products and factors of production flow freely and are exchanged on an equal basis, strive to remove market barriers, and raise the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation. |
| （9）建立公平開放透明的市場規則。實行統一的市場準入制度，在制定負面清單基礎上，各類市場主體可依法平等進入清單之外領域。探索對外商投資實行準入前國民待遇加負面清單的管理模式。推進工商注冊制度便利化，削減資質認定項目，由先證后照改為先照后證，把注冊資本實繳登記制逐步改為認繳登記制。推進國內貿易流通體制改革，建設法治化營商環境。 | 9. Enacting market rules that are fair, open and transparent. We will implement a unified market access system; and on the basis of making a negative list, all kinds of market players may enter areas not on the negative list on an equal basis and according to law. We will explore a management model for foreign investors with pre-entry national treatment plus the negative list. We will make the business registration system more convenient by reducing the number of items that require qualification verification, turning certification before licensing into licensing before certification, and gradually changing the paid-in capital registration system into a subscribed capital registration system. We will propel reform of our domestic commodity distribution structure while building a business environment under the rule of law. |
| 改革市場監管體系，實行統一的市場監管，清理和廢除妨礙全國統一市場和公平競爭的各種規定和做法，嚴禁和懲處各類違法實行優惠政策行為，反對地方保護，反對壟斷和不正當競爭。建立健全社會征信體系，褒揚誠信，懲戒失信。健全優勝劣汰市場化退出機制，完善企業破產制度。 | We will reform the market oversight system, implement uniform market oversight, tidy up and annul all sorts of regulations and methods that impede the national unified market and fair competition, strictly ban and punish all unlawful acts extending preferential policies, combat regional protection, and oppose monopoly and unfair competition. We will establish and improve a social credit system to commend honesty and punish dishonesty. We will improve the market exit system in which the good eliminates the bad, and perfect the enterprise bankruptcy system. |
| （10）完善主要由市場決定價格的機制。凡是能由市場形成價格的都交給市場，政府不進行不當干預。推進水、石油、天然氣、電力、交通、電信等領域價格改革，放開競爭性環節價格。政府定價范圍主要限定在重要公用事業、公益性服務、網絡型自然壟斷環節，提高透明度，接受社會監督。完善農產品價格形成機制，注重發揮市場形成價格作用。 | 10. Improving the mechanism whereby prices are mainly determined by the market. Any price that can be determined by the market must be left to the market, and the government is not to carry out improper interventions. We will push ahead with pricing reforms of water, oil, natural gas, electricity, transportation, telecommunications and some other sectors while relaxing price control in competitive areas. Prices which are determined by the government will be limited to important public utilities, public-welfare services and network-based natural monopolies while raising transparency and accepting social supervision. We will improve the pricing mechanism for agricultural products, and attach importance to the market's role in determining prices. |
| （11）建立城鄉統一的建設用地市場。在符合規劃和用途管制前提下，允許農村集體經營性建設用地出讓、租賃、入股，實行與國有土地同等入市、同權同價。縮小征地范圍，規范征地程序，完善對被征地農民合理、規范、多元保障機制。擴大國有土地有償使用范圍，減少非公益性用地劃撥。建立兼顧國家、集體、個人的土地增值收益分配機制，合理提高個人收益。完善土地租賃、轉讓、抵押二級市場。 | 11. Forming a unified construction land market for both urban and rural areas. We will allow rural collectively owned profit-oriented construction land to be sold, leased and appraised as shares, on the premise that it conforms to planning and its use is under control, and ensure that it can enter the market with the same rights and at the same prices as state-owned land. We will narrow the scope of land expropriation, regulate the procedures for land appropriation, and improve the rational, regular and multiple security mechanism for farmers whose land is requisitioned. We will broaden the scope of compensated use of state-owned land, and reduce land appropriation for non-public welfare projects. We will establish a mechanism for the distribution of incremental benefits from land that takes into account the interests of the state, the collective and the individual, and appropriotely raise individual income from such benefits. We will improve the secondary market for land leasing, transfer and mortgage. |
| （12）完善金融市場體系。擴大金融業對內對外開放，在加強監管前提下，允許具備條件的民間資本依法發起設立中小型銀行等金融機構。推進政策性金融機構改革。健全多層次資本市場體系，推進股票發行注冊制改革，多渠道推動股權融資，發展并規范債券市場，提高直接融資比重。完善保險經濟補償機制，建立巨災保險制度。發展普惠金融。鼓勵金融創新，豐富金融市場層次和產品。 | 12. Improving the financial market. We will open the financial industry wider, and allow qualified non-governmental capital to set up, in accordance with law, financial institutions such as small or medium-sized banks on the precondition that this comes under stronger oversight. We will push ahead with reform of policy financial institutions. We will improve the multi-layer capital market system, promote reform toward a registration-based stock-issuing system, promote equity financing through diverse channels, develop and regulate the bond market, and increase the proportion of direct financing. We will improve the compensation mechanism for the insurance industry, and establish an insurance system for catastrophe risks. We will develop inclusive finance. We will encourage financial innovations, and enrich the financial market with more levels and more products. |
| 完善人民幣匯率市場化形成機制，加快推進利率市場化，健全反映市場供求關系的國債收益率曲線。推動資本市場雙向開放，有序提高跨境資本和金融交易可兌換程度，建立健全宏觀審慎管理框架下的外債和資本流動管理體系，加快實現人民幣資本項目可兌換。 | We will improve the mechanism for market-based Renminbi exchange rate formation, accelerate interest-rate liberalization, and improve the national debt yield curve that reflects the relationship between market supply and demand. We will promote the opening of the capital market in both directions, raise the convertibility of cross-border capital and financial transactions in an orderly way, establish and improve a management system of foreign debt and capital flow within the framework of macro-management, and accelerate the realization of Renminbi capital account convertibility. |
| 落實金融監管改革措施和穩健標準，完善監管協調機制，界定中央和地方金融監管職責和風險處置責任。建立存款保險制度，完善金融機構市場化退出機制。加強金融基礎設施建設，保障金融市場安全高效運行和整體穩定。 | We will carry out reform measures and stability standards for financial oversight, improve the mechanism for oversight and coordination in the financial sector, and define the oversight functions and risk management responsibilities at both the central and local levels. We will build a deposit insurance system, and improve the market-based exit mechanism for financial institutions. We will strengthen financial infrastructure construction to ensure that the financial market operates in a safe, efficient and stable way. |
| （13）深化科技體制改革。建立健全鼓勵原始創新、集成創新、引進消化吸收再創新的體制機制，健全技術創新市場導向機制，發揮市場對技術研發方向、路線選擇、要素價格、各類創新要素配置的導向作用。建立產學研協同創新機制，強化企業在技術創新中的主體地位，發揮大型企業創新骨干作用，激發中小企業創新活力，推進應用型技術研發機構市場化、企業化改革，建設國家創新體系。 | 13. Deepening reform of the management system for science and technology. We will set up and improve mechanisms and institutions that encourage original innovation, integrated innovation, and re-innovation based on introduction and absorption, improve the mechanism that encourages market-based technological innovation, and give free rein to the market's guiding role in technological research and development orientation, choice of paths, pricing of factors, and allocation of all innovation factors. We will establish an innovation system that integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation, give full play to the role of large enterprises as the backbone of innovation, arouse the innovation vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the reform of applied technology research and development institutes to make them more market-oriented and transform them into business enterprises, and build a national innovation system. |
| 加強知識產權運用和保護，健全技術創新激勵機制，探索建立知識產權法院。打破行政主導和部門分割，建立主要由市場決定技術創新項目和經費分配、評價成果的機制。發展技術市場，健全技術轉移機制，改善科技型中小企業融資條件，完善風險投資機制，創新商業模式，促進科技成果資本化、產業化。 | We will strengthen the application and protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), improve the technological innovation incentive mechanism, and explore ways to set up IPR courts. We will abolish administrative dominance and departmental fragmentation, and develop a mechanism within which the market plays a key part in determining innovation programs and allocation of funds, and assessing results. We will develop the technology market, improve the technology-transfer mechanism, improve the financing conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises of science and technology, improve the venture capital investment mechanism, innovate business models, and promote the capitalization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. |
| 整合科技規劃和資源，完善政府對基礎性、戰略性、前沿性科學研究和共性技術研究的支持機制。國家重大科研基礎設施依照規定應該開放的一律對社會開放。建立創新調查制度和創新報告制度，構建公開透明的國家科研資源管理和項目評價機制。 | We will integrate science and technology programs and resources, and improve the mechanism for the government to extend support to basic, strategic and pioneering scientific research and generic technology research. Major national scientific research infrastructure that should be open to the public in accordance with prescribed regulations is to be open without exception. We will establish an innovation survey system and an innovation reporting system, while building an open and transparent mechanism for state scientific research resource management and project appraisal. |
| 改革院士遴選和管理體制，優化學科布局，提高中青年人才比例，實行院士退休和退出制度。 | We will reform the academician selection and management system, optimize the structure of disciplines, raise the proportion of young and middle-aged talented people, and put in place an academician retirement and exit system. |
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