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中國面臨氣候變化帶來的貧困陰影
China facing climate change caused poverty

遼寧省朝陽縣七道嶺鄉黑達溝村農民宋寶林家里,除了空地上擺著的十幾顆秋白菜,院里糧倉空空的。 In the yard of farmer Song Baolin of Heidagou Village in Liaoning laid a dozen Chinese cabbages. His granary was completely empty.
56歲的宋寶林說:我家4口人,今年種的10畝玉米都旱死了。 宋寶林不得不為他家今年的生活擔心。 "There are four people in my family. All the corn I planted this year in my 1.6-acre field died because of drought," said 56-year-old Song, deeply worried about how he was going to make a living without anything to harvest.
西北地區128個氣象水文觀測站觀測數據顯示,1987-2000年平均氣溫較1961-1986年升高了0.。 Temperatures in northwest China have also risen, according to observation data of 128 climate and stream flow measuring stations. The average temperature during 1987 to 2000 was 0.7 Celsius degrees higher than the average from 1961 to 1986.
甘肅省永靖縣是國家扶貧開發重點縣之一。20世紀80年代以來,永靖縣氣溫呈升高趨勢,降水量呈減少趨勢,重大干旱災害發生頻率明顯增多。 Youngjing County in Gansu Province is one of the key counties of the national poverty alleviation plan. The temperature there has risen every year since the 1980s while the amount of precipitation has steadily decreased, sharply raising the frequency of severe drought.
而地處西南的四川省馬邊彝族自治縣也同樣受到氣候變暖的影響。近50年來,這個縣溫度上升,降水減少,但降水強度卻有所增加,使得局部洪澇災害加重。 In southwest China, Mabian Yi Autonomous County in Sichuan Province experienced similar adverse effects due to climate change. In the last 50 years, the county had become hotter and less humid, but the precipitation intensity increased, causing regional floods.
為了應對氣候等不利因素導致的農民貧困,中國已經和正在采取諸如整村推進、勞動力轉移培訓、產業扶貧等措施。 In order to deal with climate change-caused poverty, China has taken to actions such as relocating villages, training migrant laborers and supporting rural industries.
根據國務院扶貧辦公布的數據,中國農村貧困人口已經從1978年的2.5億人減少到2007年的1479萬人,2008年,按新的農村貧困標準1196元測算,年末農村貧困人口為4007萬人。 According to the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, there were 14.79 million rural people in poverty in 2007, a monumental decrease from 250 million in 1978. However, in 2008, based on the new poverty line of a 1,196 yuan annual income (about US$ 175), the number of people in poverty in rural areas reached 40.07 million.
幸運的是,還是有人從這些扶貧政策中受益,如遼寧大巴里村村民閆玉勝。今年他家的農田作物基本絕收了,當地政府補貼4萬多元,村里幫助他從銀行貸款6萬多元,他一下建起了兩個蔬菜大棚,分別種著西紅柿、黃瓜和辣椒。現在,在已經收入了幾千元后,他對未來很樂觀。 Fortunately, there are still those, such as Yan Yusheng in Dabali Village, who are benefiting from poverty alleviation policies. Though he harvested nothing this year, the local government gave him a 40,000 yuan (US$ 5,857) subsidy and helped him get a loan of about 60,000 yuan (about US$ 8,787). He built two vegetable greenhouses and planted tomatoes, cucumbers and chilies. Now, having earned thousands of yuan, he is optimistic about the future.
還貸應該沒問題,閆玉勝說,以后一年咋也能掙個5萬來塊錢吧。5萬元對當地農民來說已經是高收入了。 "It should not be a problem for me to pay the loan. I believe I can make 50,000 yuan (about US$ 7,321) a year," said Yan, quoting a number that is rather high for local farmers.
雖然這些政策在一些地方卓有成效,但林而達建議,國際社會和中國政府應按類型,采取更具有針對性的區域差別化扶貧戰略。

Though the policies were effective in some places in China, Director Lin Erda suggested that the international community and Chinese government should develop more specific poverty alleviation strategies based on regional differences to eliminate poverty caused by climate change.

(China.org.cn translated by Ren Zhongxi)



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