Public Institutions

Public Institutions

Public institutions are social service providers established for public-interest purposes by state organs or by other organizations with state-owned assets. These institutions generally engage in activities in relation to education, science and technology, culture, and public health. Public institutions might be classified into three types by their respective social functions: those with administrative functions, those engaging in commercial activities, and those providing public-interest services.

Now, those with administrative functions have either become administrative organs or returned such functions to relevant administrative organs; those previously engaging in commercial activities have been wound up or turned into enterprises; and those providing public-interest services are divided into two types in accordance with their duties, service targets, and ways of resource allocation.

Type one provides basic public-interest services such as compulsory education, basic scientific research, public cultural programs, public health, and basic medical services in the communities. The market does not play a role in relevant resource allocation. These public institutions must not engage in profit-making business, and their mission, scope of operation, and service norms are defined by the state.

Type two provides higher education, non-profit medical services, and other public-interest services. The market may play a partial role in relevant resource allocation. These institutions organize activities in line with the public-interest goals and relevant norms set by the state. They may provide services related to their main businesses allowed by relevant laws and regulations and use the proceeds in line with state regulations.

事業(yè)單位

事業(yè)單位，即國家為了社會公益目的，由國家機關(guān)舉辦或者其他組織利用國有資產(chǎn)舉辦的，從事教育、科技、文化、衛(wèi)生等活動的社會服務組織。按照社會功能，事業(yè)單位劃分為承擔行政職能、從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動和從事公益服務3個類別。

其中，承擔行政職能的事業(yè)單位已逐步將行政職能劃歸行政機構(gòu)，或轉(zhuǎn)為行政機構(gòu)；從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動的事業(yè)單位已逐步轉(zhuǎn)為企業(yè)或撤銷；從事公益服務的事業(yè)單位，根據(jù)職責任務、服務對象和資源配置方式等情況，細分為公益一類、公益二類事業(yè)單位。

公益一類事業(yè)單位，即承擔義務教育、基礎(chǔ)性科研、公共文化、公共衛(wèi)生及基層的基本醫(yī)療服務等基本公益服務，不能或不宜由市場配置資源的事業(yè)單位。這類單位不得從事經(jīng)營活動，其宗旨、業(yè)務范圍和服務規(guī)范由國家確定。

公益二類事業(yè)單位，即承擔高等教育、非營利醫(yī)療等公益服務，可部分由市場配置資源的事業(yè)單位。這類單位按照國家確定的公益目標和相關(guān)標準開展活動，在確保公益目標的前提下，可依據(jù)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)提供與主業(yè)相關(guān)的服務，收益的使用按國家有關(guān)規(guī)定執(zhí)行。