《美國全球監聽行動紀錄》全文
Full Text: The United States' Global Surveillance Record
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| 二、美國把中國當成秘密監聽的主要目標 | II. The United States sets China as the main target of its secret surveillance |
| 斯諾登曝光的證據證明：中國是美國非法竊聽的主要目標之一，竊聽范圍涵蓋國家領導人、科研機構、大學、企業等等。 | Evidence provided by Snowden shows that China is one of the major targets of the United States' illegal spying operations. The United States has eavesdropped on Chinese state leaders, scientific institutes, universities and enterprises. |
| 斯諾登向德國《明鏡》周刊提供的文件表明：美國針對中國進行大規模網絡進攻，并把中國領導人和華為公司列為目標。攻擊的目標包括商務部、外交部、銀行和電信公司等。《明鏡》周刊稱，美國的監控目標還包括數位中國前任國家領導人和多個政府部門及銀行。 | Documents revealed by Snowden to Der Spiegel prove that the United States has conducted mass cyber-attacks on China, targeting Chinese state leaders and the giant high-tech company Huawei. Attacks were also aimed at the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as Chinese banks and telecommunication companies. According to Der Spiegel, the spying operations also covered several former Chinese state leaders, and government departments and banks. |
| 中國的政府機構是美國竊聽的重點關照對象。白宮的一位外交政策助理也曾透露，美國曾在1990年8月落成的中國駐澳大利亞新使館的每間辦公室的混凝土墻里埋設了光纖竊聽器，這種細細的玻璃絲在全面安全檢查中沒有被發現。直到這件事在前些時候被泄露給《悉尼先驅晨報》和其他新聞媒體后，才引起中國的警覺。 | Chinese government offices are a particular target of U.S. spy operations. A White House foreign policy aide revealed that the United States planted optical fiber bugs in the walls of the offices of the Chinese Embassy in Australia when it was built in 1990. The bugs were not deactivated until the story was broken by the Sydney Morning Herald. |
| 美國《外交政策》雜志報道，美國國家安全局旗下設有一個“獲取特定情報行動辦公室”，1997年以來通過網絡攻擊行動獲得包括有關中國情報在內的多項重要情報。 | According to a report by Foreign Policy magazine, the United States has stolen a huge amount of important intelligence information from China and other countries via cyber-attacks carried out by the NSA's Office of Tailored Access Operations (TAO), which was established in 1997. |
| 據德國《明鏡》周刊報道，已被曝光的一份美國2010年的“監聽世界地圖”包含了世界90個國家的監控點，中國作為美國在東亞的首要監聽對象，北京、上海、成都、香港及臺北等城市，均在美國國家安全局重點監控目錄之下。從2009年開始，美國國家安全局就開始入侵中國大陸和香港的電腦和網絡系統，中國大陸和香港已有數百個目標受到監視。在香港的目標中，多數是大學、政府官員、商人和學生。 | A report by Der Spiegel cited a leaked map dating from 2010 that shows U.S. global spy operations have penetrated 90 countries, among which China is the chief target in East Asia. Chinese cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Hong Kong and Taipei, are on the priority target list of the NSA. The agency hacked hundreds of computers and Internet servers on the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong since 2009. Targets in Hong Kong included universities, government officials, business people and students. |
| 《南華早報》援引斯諾登的話說：“美國國家安全局無所不用其極，利用非法侵入中國主要電信公司等手段，竊取用戶的手機數據。” | According to an interview with Snowden by the South China Morning Post (SCMP), the NSA uses numerous methods to hack Chinese telecommunication companies in order to steal messages of their users. |
| 《南華早報》稱斯諾登爆料：美國國家安全局還對中國頂尖高等學府清華大學的主干網絡發起大規模的黑客攻擊。其中2013年1月的一次攻擊中，至少63部電腦和服務器被黑。報道指出，中國六大骨干網之一的“中國教育和科研計算機網”就設在清華大學，“清華的主干網絡被黑，意味著數百萬中國公民的網絡數據可能失竊”。 | Snowden also told the SCMP that the NSA had hacked the servers of Tsinghua University, China's most prestigious university. At least 63 computers and servers were attacked in January, 2013. The SCMP report noted that the attack on Tsinghua University, home to one of six main network backbones -- the China Education and Research Network -- means that data from millions of Chinese citizens may have been stolen. |
| 《南華早報》公布的對斯諾登的采訪說，美國政府正大規模入侵中國的主要電信公司，以獲取數以百萬計短信內容。斯諾登表示，美國監控遠不止這些，“美國國家安全局做各種事情，諸如入侵中國移動電話公司，以竊取你們所有的短信數據。” | The SCMP, quoting Snowden, made it clear that the U.S. government has been hacking extensively into China's major telecommunication companies and mobile phone operators to steal millions of private text messages. |
| 據路透社報道，美國國家安全局曾與加密技術公司美國安全服務商RSA達成了1000萬美元的協議，聯合在加密算法中加入漏洞后門，旨在削弱軟件加密標準，輔助相關機構RSA開展大規模監控程序。RSA的中國客戶包括三大電信運營商中國電信、中國移動、中國聯通，中國銀行、中國工商銀行、中國建設銀行等，以及電信設備商華為和家電制造商海爾等。 | According to Reuters, the NSA reached a US$10-million deal with RSA, an encryption technology and security service provider, to insert a deliberate flaw or "backdoor" in its cryptography system to make it easier for the NSA to launch mass spying programs. Chinese clients of RSA include three major Chinese telecommunication operators -- China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, as well as the Bank of China, The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, telecommunications provider Huawei, and home appliances group Haier Electronics. |
| 美國《華盛頓郵報》依據斯諾登提供的多份機密文件爆料說，在2012年5月之前的一年間，美國國家安全局未經授權收集、存儲、獲取或分發受法律保護的通信信息多達2776次。其中2012年第一季度的非法操作次數增加尤其明顯。報告說，原因可能在于2012年農歷春節期間美國國家安全局非法監聽訪美的中國公民大量通話信息。 | Based on confidential documents provided by Snowden, the Washington Post reported that, during the year before May, 2012, the NSA had collected, stored, obtained or distributed legally protected communications for 2,776 times without authorization. These illegal operations were especially frequent during the first quarter of 2012. The report suggested that this was probably because of NSA eavesdropping on Chinese citizens who visited the U.S. during Chinese Spring Festival at the beginning of the year. |
| 連網絡游戲都成為了美國獲取情報的渠道，英國《衛報》和《紐約時報》公布了美國著名新聞調查機構“為了人民”的文件，名為“對恐怖分子利用游戲和虛擬環境的研究”。該文件顯示，美英兩國的情報人員假扮“玩家”，曾滲透入網絡游戲《魔獸世界》、《第二生命》中，收集真正電腦游戲玩家的紀錄，監視游戲玩家。而實際上，這兩款游戲的中國玩家最多。 | The United States even retrieves information from computer games. Both the Guardian and the New York Times published a file from investigative news organization Propublica that revealed how intelligence agents from Britain and the United States used games such as, "World of Warcraft" and "Second Life" to spy on the players. It is well known that the majority of players of these two online games are Chinese. |
| 針對中國的監控無孔不入：據媒體報道，斯諾登披露了一批機密文件，這些文件顯示，騰訊聊天軟件QQ和中國移動的移動即時通訊應用飛信竟然也在美國國家安全局的監視范圍之內。 | The U.S. spying operations penetrate every corner of China. Snowden also revealed a series of confidential documents which show that QQ, the chat software of Internet giant Tencent, and Fetion, the instant messaging service of China Mobile, were targeted by the NSA. |
| 美國《外交雜志》說，美國一直就網絡攻擊問題施壓中國之時，卻從不提及美方大范圍攻擊中國網絡的情況。而在中方指出美方動作時，面對媒體的求證，美國政府始終拒絕公開置評。 | According to Foreign Policy magazine, when the United States was putting pressure on China over the issue of cyber-attacks, it failed to mention its own mass cyber espionage on Chinese Internet. U.S. officials had always declined to comment on the issue when questioned by journalists after China had accused America of secret snooping operations. |
| 據德國《明鏡》周刊網站、《紐約時報》網站報道，美國國家安全局尤其花大力氣監控全球第二大通信設備供應商華為公司。2009年初，該局啟動了一項針對華為的大規模行動。華為被視為美國思科公司最大的競爭對手之一。美國國家安全局的一個特別小組成功滲透進了華為公司的計算機網絡，并復制了超過1400個客戶的資料和工程師使用的內部培訓文件。 | The websites of Der Spiegel and the New York Times have also reported how the NSA has made huge efforts to spy on Huawei Technologies, the second largest telecom solutions provider in the world. It began activities against Huawei in 2009, because it is the biggest competitor to U.S. telecoms giant Cisco. A specially designated NSA team penetrated Huawei's network and copied the details of 1,400 of its customers as well as training manuals for the company's engineers. |
| 報道稱，該局人員不但竊取了華為的電子郵件存檔，還獲得了個別華為產品的源代碼。美國國家安全局滲入華為的深圳總部，因為該公司通過總部處理每個員工的郵件往來，所以美國人從2009年1月起就讀取了該公司很大一部分員工的電子郵件——包括公司高管的郵件。 | According to the report, the NSA also stole the company's email files as well as the source code of some products. The NSA penetrated into Huawei's headquarters in Shenzhen where the staff emails are handled. American spying operations have gathered a huge number of internal emails of staff members, including senior executives, since January, 2009. |
| 美國情報部門說，如果了解了該公司如何運行，那么未來將會得到回報。迄今為止，網絡結構由西方主宰，但中國人將努力使西方的公司變得“更不重要”。那樣的話，迄今由美國公司主導的互聯網技術標準將被打破，中國將逐步控制網絡中的信息流。 | According to U.S. intelligence agencies, gaining an understanding of how the company operates will pay off in the future. So far, according to their narrative, cyber space has been effectively controlled by the West, but Chinese companies are challenging Western dominance. If the U.S. monopoly of technological standards is broken, China will gradually take control of information flow on the Internet. |
| 美國《紐約時報》網站3月22日稱，長期以來，美國官員一直將中國電信巨頭華為公司視為安全威脅，竭力阻撓該公司在美國達成商業協議，擔心它會在自己的設備中植入“后門”以便讓中國軍方或北京支持的黑客竊取企業和政府機密。不過，機密文件表明，美國國家安全局正直接向華為的網絡植入自己的“后門”。 | A report on the website of the New York Times on March 22 this year said that U.S. officials have always considered Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei as a security threat, and blocked business deals in the United States for fear that Huawei might create "backdoors" in its equipment to allow the Chinese military or Beijing-backed hackers to steal corporate and government secrets. But leaked classified documents reveal that it is the NSA that is creating its own "backdoors" into Huawei's networks. |
| 《紐約時報》報道指出，美國國家安全局對中國的情報活動并不僅僅局限于華為。根據2013年4月斯諾登曝光的文件，去年，美國國家安全局入侵了中國兩家大型移動通信網絡，從而得以追蹤具有戰略重要性的中國軍方部門。 | According to the New York Times report, the intelligence operation against China by the NSA is not limited to Huawei. Documents leaked by Snowden in April 2013 revealed that the NSA infiltrated two major Chinese mobile network companies in order to track strategically important Chinese military units. |
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