Long known for being secretly conducted Chinese military exercises were in fact frequently reported on by the media in 2006. Observers suggest this is an indication of China's increased willingness to enhance military trust with other countries.

The 'Friendship-2006' China-Pakistan joint anti-terrorism exercise, from December 11-18 in the hills of northern Pakistan's Abbottabad allowed full coverage by the media from both countries.

The Chinese media also gave detailed reports on the shortcomings of the domestic 'Queshan-2006' military drill from October 12-18 in the Jinan Military Region.

"China's military forces are striving to enhance their transparency. The openness and transparency of military drills reached a very high level in 2006," said Chen Hu, military expert and executive editor-in-chief of World Military Affairs magazine.?

"The high-level of transparency in bilateral military drills illustrated that the military exercises do not infringe interests of third parties and other countries," said Senior Colonel Wang Weixing, deputy chief of staff of a unit of the Chengdu Military Region and the Chinese chief exercise director in the 'Friendship 2006' drill.

Domestic drills open to media

China's 'Queshan-2006' military drill was in keeping with a realistic advance operational plan involving a full complement of personnel and equipment in all-weather conditions.

The experts in the exercise directorate were simply "looking for flaws". At the evaluation meeting, director Cui Yafeng spoke for half-an-hour but only devoted two minutes to the achievements of the units while focusing on problems for 28 minutes.

The following day all China's major media detailed data and vivid examples of the shortcomings of the drill. The division commander put off launching an offensive three times to the point where the first tier assault units stayed at the enemy's forward position for upwards of 50 minutes. The division requested firepower support but didn't provide specific times and targets. Also a new missile was launched at five targets and hit two. And individual units failed to set up radio stations but used walkie-talkies and military mobile phones to communicate instead.

"In the past all these things were regarded as military secrets," said a report made by Hong Kong-based Mingpao newspaper. "The 'Queshan-2006' drill welcomed media to report all aspects and progress. Such openness and transparency is rare anywhere in the world," said Chen Hu.

Other major domestic military drills this year opened their doors to the media. Reporters were allowed to enter and interview every unit and cover every corner. Drill directors had to take media inquiries at any time and codes, objectives and progress were all disclosed to the media.

Enhancing trust through joint drills

The fact that China conducted frequent exercises with other countries and opened domestic military drills to the media illustrated that China's armed forces had ushered in an "open and transparent" era, said Major General Peng Guangqian, a senior researcher with the Chinese Academy of Military Studies.

He said the openness mirrored the nation's open-door policy. The information era provided strategic opportunities for China's armed forces to narrow the gap with forces in advanced countries.

"The voluntary opening of China's military forces will help enhance the trust between China and other countries," said Peng.

This view was echoed by US Admiral Gary Roughead, commander of the United States Pacific Fleet. He said transparency and mutual benefits could only be realized through communication rather than through weapons. "I've seen in my visit to China that our two navies and marines have much in common," the admiral said.

The navies of China and the US held a search-and-rescue exercise on the South China Sea on November 19. The exercise involved China's guided missile destroyer Zhanjiang, the fuel tanker Dongting Lake, the USS Juneau (LPD 10) and the USS missile destroyer Fitzgerald. China's Yun-7 transport aircraft and the US P-3C patrol plane also participated in the exercise.

The two navies conducted communications, fleet formation changes and search-and-rescue exercises. Observers said the Sino-US military relations had ushered in a new phase after the exercises and higher level personnel communications.

Prior to the Sino-US exercises China had conducted more than ten bilateral or multilateral military drills with countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Pakistan, India, Australia, Thailand and Russia.

Overseas media reported the People's Liberation Army had started to move away from keeping military drills and its fighting capacity a secret to selecting opportunities to showcase its military power.

(Xinhua News Agency December 31, 2006)