What is the nature and connotation of the balanced development?

五個統籌的實質與內涵

Wang Mengkui pointed out that balanced development between urban and rural areas, between different regions, between economic and social undertakings, between man and nature as well as between domestic development and opening-up to the world are the fundamental requirements of the Scientific Concept of Development. In the course of building up a prosperous society in an all-round way and accomplishing the modernization drive, it is of vital importance to choose a proper path and pattern to achieve a better form of development.

        王夢奎指出：統籌城鄉發展、統籌區域發展、統籌經濟社會發展、統籌人與自然和諧發展、統籌國內發展和對外開放，這五個統籌是實現科學發展觀的根本要求。其實質，是在全面建設小康社會和實現現代化的進程中，選擇什么樣的發展道路和發展模式，如何發展得更好的問題。

To coordinate development between urban and rural areas, we should change the dual economic structure in the countryside and the cities. In the past, agricultural policies focused on promoting agricultural production. Currently, more efforts are being made to solve three issues inherent in agriculture, countryside and farmer by industrializing agricultural productions, transferring surplus rural labor to non-agricultural industries and to cities and towns, and incorporating rural economy into the unified national economic market. In future economic reform, efforts should be made to build up an economic system that is a boon to the transformation of the dual economic structure in rural and urban areas. More state policies should be adopted in favor of agriculture, farmers and the countryside.

        統籌城鄉發展的實質，是促進城鄉二元經濟結構的轉變。"三農"問題過去主要是農業生產問題，現在是在圍繞"農"字做文章的同時，通過工業化、城市化、市場化，促進"三農"問題的根本解決。下一步的經濟改革，要著眼于建立有利于改變城鄉二元經濟結構的體制，國家政策要對解決"三農"問題給予更大支持。

To coordinate development among different regions, we should promote the common development of all regions. Regional gaps are not only found between easternChinaand westernChina, but also between provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. This problem should be gradually addressed in the course of industrialization, urbanization and market development.

        統籌區域發展的實質，是實現地區共同發展。地區差距不僅表現在東部和中西部之間，也表現在省、自治區、直轄市之間，還表現在省、自治區內部地區之間。地區差距問題要在工業化、城市化和市場化的發展進程中逐步得到解決。

To coordinate development between economic and social undertakings, we should achieve a comprehensive progress of the whole society and enhance the living standard of all people by propelling economic development. With the settlement of food and clothing problems and the deepening of reform, an increasing number of social problems have emerged. Most of the problems are due to government’s failure to carry out its duties in the course of economic restructuring. Measures shall be taken to change the role of government. In particular fields like social security, science and technology, culture and education, public health and medicare, government must fulfill its responsibilities instead of simply putting forward slogans.

        統籌經濟社會發展的實質，是在經濟發展的基礎上實現社會全面進步，增進全體人民的福利。隨著溫飽問題的解決和改革的深入，經濟發展中的社會問題日益凸顯出來。社會發展領域存在的問題，許多同經濟轉軌過程中政府職能不到位有直接關系，需要轉變政府職能。社會保障、科學技術、文化教育、公共衛生和醫療等領域有其特殊性，政府必須承擔起應負的責任，不能簡單地提"市場化"或"產業化"的目標和口號。

To coordinate development between man and nature, we should maintain a proper growth in population, a sustainable utilization of resources, and advocate ecological principals. Compared with other countries,Chinahas a small amount of per-capita resources. Therefore, the government should take into consideration the condition of resources and the endurance of environment when it makes decisions on industrialization, urbanization, development patterns, development strategies, technological policies and even social life styles.

        統籌人與自然和諧發展的實質，是人口適度增長、資源的永續利用和保持良好的生態環境。我國是人均資源比較少的國家，工業化和城市化道路的選擇，發展模式、發展戰略和技術政策的選擇，乃至社會生活方式的選擇，都必須考慮資源約束和環境承載能力。

To coordinate development between domestic development and opening-up to the world, we should make the Chinese economy boom by a better use of various resources and markets at home and abroad. In the past,Chinasuffered from a closed economy, small amounts of foreign trade volumes and a scarcity of foreign currencies. The economic structure and policies established at that time should be reformed. A great number of the old understandings on economic issues should be changed. At present, it will be a good step forward to properly increase the imports of resource-intensive products and introduce more advanced technologies. Concerning foreign trade relations, we should make every effort to bring about a "win-win" situation in foreign trades, but we should also note that trade frictions are inevitable when an emerging country tries to penetrate the global market.

        統籌國內發展和對外開放要求的實質，是更好地利用國內外兩種資源、兩個市場，順利實現中國經濟的振興。過去在封閉經濟、進出口很少、外匯短缺條件下形成的體制和政策需要改革，許多經濟觀念也需要更新。目前，適當增加資源密集型產品進口，更多引進先進技術是有好處的。在對外經貿關系方面，我們追求的是"雙贏"局面。貿易摩擦是任何經濟貿易大國在崛起過程中都無法回避的，要用平常心看待這一問題。