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??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? 191 ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????.

??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? (317-420) ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? (960-1127)? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ??? ???? (334-416) – ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? – ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????.

??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??.. ???. ??? ????? 4000 ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? "??? ?? ????" (??? ????? ??????) ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? (773-831) .. ???? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????.

???? ??? 1885? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? 20 ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????.

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