Shuvalov also agreed with Li's call for the two nations to encourage companies to invest in each other's market.

Although China and Russia are actively expanding bilateral trade, he said, it is more important that they promote bilateral investment. "Russia should improve the investment environment," he added.

Two-way investment has rapidly risen in recent years. By the end of 2011, Russia's accumulative investment in China was $818 million, mainly in the fields of manufacturing, construction and transport. China's investment in Russia was $2.91 billion, mostly in energy, agriculture, forestry, telecommunications, construction and service sectors.

However, bilateral investment was $4 billion, less than 2 percent of the total foreign direct investment of the two nations, which is "still quite small", Li said. "The volume is small but ... the potential is huge."

China Investment Corp and the Russian government are considering setting up a joint fund to help companies invest in each other's markets.

"China is a large market," said Serqey Aqibalov, general manager of Sport Master, Russia's largest sportswear maker, which has partnerships with 200 manufacturers in China. "We plan to set up retail stores in China in two years," as well as make orders for goods made in China.

As part of its 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15), China pledged to transform its economic growth model to one that is driven by consumption. The nation also vowed to further its opening-up policy and continue to develop central and western areas.

Meanwhile, this year, Russia entered the World Trade Organization and is extensively pushing forward economic modernization.

Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, who will regain the presidency in May, has vowed to reduce his nation's reliance on natural resources - oil and gas - and is planning to boost foreign direct investment to 25 percent of Russian GDP from the current level of 20 percent.

"Promoting investment is in line with the common interests of both nations," said Li Jian, a researcher with the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, which is affiliated to the Ministry of Commerce.

"Following the impact of the financial crisis, Russia lacks capital and is in much need of foreign investment. Meanwhile, China is well on the way to transforming its economic growth model."

Wang Haifeng, a professor for the National Development and Reform Commission's Outward Economic Research Institute, predicted that two-way investment will see robust growth, but warned that Russia must improve the investment environment to guarantee investors' benefits.

For years, the growth in trade has outperformed GDP growth in both nations, and such momentum will continue for some time, Vice-Premier Li said.

China and Russia should be "committed to growing bilateral trade to $100 billion by the end of 2015 and $200 billion by the end of 2020", targets agreed by leaders in both states, he said.

Professor Li Jian said the 2015 target is a "pragmatic" one, especially given that China-Russia trade has grown rapidly over the past two years.

Bilateral trade will likely grow 20 to 30 percent on an annual basis in the next five years, he predicted, adding: "Russia can import manufacturing goods and consumer goods from China, and China can buy natural resource from Russia."