The Nuclear Security Summit called on national governments to secure their vulnerable nuclear materials within four years. In a Communique and work plan released at the end of the summit, the 47 participating countries admit that nuclear terrorism their most challenging threat to international security.

They further stressed that strong nuclear security measures are most effective for preventing terrorists, criminals, or other unauthorized people from getting their hands on nuclear materials. They reaffirm the "fundamental responsibilities of states" in maintaining effective security of ALL nuclear materials, including those used in weapons and facilities. World leaders emphasized "the importance of a robust national legislative and regulatory framework for nuclear security."

The leaders also reaffirmed the essential role the International Atomic Energy Agency plays in the global nuclear security framework. They pledge, to work to ensure that the UN nuclear watchdog continues to have the appropriate capability to carry out its mission effectively.