1st Five-Year Guidelines (1953-1957)
According to the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s general line
for the transition period, the first Guidelines set the basic tasks
as to: assemble all forces for industrial construction centered on
156 construction projects designed by the Soviet Union, and 694
large or medium sized construction projects; establish the
foundation for socialist industrialization; develop socialist
collective ownership to establish the foundation for agriculture
and handicraft industries' socialist reform; include capitalist
industry and commerce in various forms of state capitalism to set
up the foundation for privately owned enterprises' socialist
reform.
2nd Five-Year Guidelines (1958-1962)
1) Continue industrial construction with heavy industry at its
core, advance technical improvement of the economy, and establish a
firm foundation for socialist industrialization; 2) Continue
socialist reform, enhance and extend socialist collective ownership
and public ownership; 3) On the base of infrastructure development
and socialist reform, further develop industrial production,
agriculture and handicrafts, as well as transportation and
commerce; 4) Strive to train constructive talent, reinforce
scientific research to meet the demands of the socialist economy
and cultural development; 5) Under the precondition of growth in
industrial and agricultural production, strengthen national defense
and improve people's material and cultural life.
3rd Five-Year Guidelines (1966-1970)
1) Spare no effort to develop agriculture, solve problems
concerning people's food, clothing and other basic needs; 2)
Strengthen national defense, endeavor to make breakthroughs in
technology; 3) In order to support agriculture and strengthen
national defense, enhance infrastructure, continue to improve the
production quality, increase production variety and quantity,
building the country's economy on self-reliance, and develop
transportation, commerce, culture, education and scientific
research.
The 3rd Five-year Guidelines also asked the nation to prioritize
national defense in consideration of a possible big war, actively
preparing for conflicts and speeding up construction along the
nation's three most important frontlines (referring to national
defense, science and technology, and industry and transport
infrastructure).
4th Five-Year Guidelines (1971-1975)
Ensure the average annual growth rate of gross output value of
industry and agriculture can reach 12.5 percent. With 130 billion
yuan budgeted for infrastructure construction, grain output should
reach 300-325 billion kg, cotton output 65-70 million piculs (1
picul is 60 kg), steel output 35-40 million tons, coal 400-430
million tons, electricity 200-220 billion kWh, railway freight 900
million-1 billion tons.
5th Five-Year Guidelines (1976-1980)
Goals: by 1985, steel and petroleum outputs should reach 60 and
250 million tons respectively, and 120 large projects, including 10
steel production bases, 9 non-ferrous metal bases, 8 coal bases and
10 oil and gas fields, should be built.
To achieve these goals, the government would invest 70 billion
yuan in infrastructure construction, equaling total national
investment in the previous 28 years. As this was impossible, soon
after the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee,
the central authorities put forward new principles of readjustment,
reform, rectification and improvement in April 1979 and started
rectifying the economy.
6th Five-Year Guidelines (1981-1985)
Continue to enforce the principles of readjustment, reform,
rectification and improvement, further resolve various issues
against economic development left unsolved from past years.
7th Five-Year Guidelines (1986-1990)
1) Further create good economic and social environments for
economic reform, make efforts to guarantee the general balance
between total social demand and total social supply, let reforms
proceed smoothly, and try to lay the groundwork for the new
socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics; 2) Make
economic growth continuous and stable, and under the precondition
of proper control over total input in fixed assets, spare no effort
to enhance key constructions, technological improvement and
intelligence development, preparing for the ongoing development of
economy and society. 3) While boosting economic growth and
benefits, keep improving people's lives.
8th Five-Year Guidelines (1991-1995)
During this period, China's reform, opening-up and modernization
reached a new stage, with GNP reaching 5,760 billion yuan in 1995,
about five years ahead of target.
9th Five-Year Guidelines (1996-2000)
Accomplish the second strategic phase of modernization and
reduce poverty. Speed up establishment of a modern enterprise
system, and build the socialist market economic system; the main
objectives of national economic and social development by 2010 were
to double 2000’s GNP and so people could lead a richer life.
10th Five-Year Guidelines (2001-2005)
The major anticipated objectives of macro-control during this
Guidelines were: economic growth rate of 7 percent per year, GDP to
reach 12.5 trillion yuan by 2000 prices, and per capita GDP to
reach 9,400 yuan. New jobs amongst town and rural migrant laborers
number 40 million, and urban registered unemployment is controlled
at 5 percent. The general price level should stay steady, and the
balance of international payments maintained.
The major anticipated objectives of economic structural
adjustments were to optimize and upgrade industrial structures and
strengthen world competitiveness. By 2005, the added value of
primary, secondary and tertiary industries in GDP should be 13, 51
and 36 percent respectively, while their share of employment should
be 44, 23 and 33 percent. Levels of economic and social
informatization should be enhanced and infrastructure further
improved. The trend of widening development gaps between regions
should be effectively controlled and levels of urbanization
raised.
11th Five-Year Guidelines (2006-2010)
Build new socialist rural areas, optimize and upgrade industrial
structures, promote concordant development of regions, build a
conservation-minded and environment-friendly society, further
system reform and enhance opening-up, efficiently practice
strategies to invigorate China through science and education and
through human resource development, and give impetus to
constructing a socialist harmonious society.
(China.org.cn October 18, 2005)