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General Economy
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Gross domestic product (GDP)
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GDP for 2005 was 915.418 billion yuan, up 11.1% from the previous year.
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GDP ratio (primary, secondary and tertiary industries)
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The primary industry yielded a value added of 8.034 billion yuan, down 8.9% from the previous year; the secondary industry, 445.292 billion yuan, a growth of 11.5%; the tertiary industry, 462.092 billion yuan, a growth of 11.1%. The proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP reached 50.2%.
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Revenue and expenditure
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Municipal revenue was 409.581 billion yuan, an increase of 13.9% over the previous year. Municipal expenditure was 166.032 billion yuan, a growth of 19.0%.
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Consumer price index (CPI)
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CPI was up 1% from the previous year.
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Investment in fixed assets
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Fixed asset investment was valued at 354.255 billion yuan, up 14.8% from the previous year.
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Major Industries
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Agriculture
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The total agricultural output value was 23.339 billion yuan, down 10.5% from the previous year.
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Industry
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The industrial added value totaled 415.523 billion yuan, an increase of 12.5%.
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High-tech
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The annual output value of high-tech industries was 482.667 billion yuan, up 22%. It accounted for 28.6% of the city's total industrial output value.
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Construction
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Its added value was 32.069 billion yuan, up 6.3%.
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Transportation
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Freight carried by various means of transport for the year was 8.8% up from the previous year to reach 687.398 million tons, which included 12.783 million tons by railway, down 0.5%; 326.84 million tons by highway, up 3.6%; 345.57 million tons by waterway, up 14.6%; and 2.205 million tons by air, up 13.9%.
The number of passengers carried by various means of transport was 5.8% up to reach 94.868 million persons, which included 43.131 million persons by railway, up 5.8%; 24.68 million persons by highway, up 0.1%; 6.259 million persons by waterway, up 0.7%; and 20.798 million persons by air, up 15.2%.
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Postal services
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The annual turnover of postal operations totaled 3.849 billion yuan, 6.6% up from the previous year.
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Information industry
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The annual added value of the information industry reached 109.791 billion yuan, up 25.7% from the year before.
At the end of 2005, the number of fixed line subscribers reached 9.967 million. The number of mobile phone subscribers reached 14.442 million. The Internet users numbered 8.03 million.
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Retail
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The annual turnover from retail sales reached 297.297 billion yuan, an increase of 11.9% from the previous year.
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Tourism
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The added value of the tourism sector stood at 58.426 billion yuan, up 15.8%. Foreign exchange earnings from tourism reached US$3.608 billion, up 16.8% from the 2004 figure. Revenue from domestic tourists stood at 130.841 billion yuan, up 7.6%.
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Continued Effects of Market Reform
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Imports & exports
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The annual value of imports and exports totaled US$186.365 billion, an increase of 16.5% from the previous year. Of this amount, US$95.623 billion were from imports, up 10.5% and US$90.742 billion were from exports, up 23.4%.
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Economic and technological cooperation
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In 2005 Shanghai approved 59 outbound investment projects involving US$687 million yuan. Overseas project and labor contracts signed during the year, totaling 1,249, were valued at US$2.46 billion, up 22.4%. Business turnover for the year totaled US$1.941 billion, an increase of 29.7% from the previous year.
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Foreign investment
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The foreign direct investment realized in monetary terms was US$6.85 billion, up 4.7%.
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Urban Construction and Management
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Road transport
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By the end of 2005, investment in the construction of urban infrastructure facilities totaled 88.574 billion yuan. 560 km of express highways had been open to traffic. A total of 169 bus routes were opened or readjusted during the year, changing the number of bus routes to 940 at the year-end. The length of light rail lines increased from 121 km to 148 km.
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Public service
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The daily capacity of supplying tap water in the city had reached 10.96 million cubic meters at the end of 2005. 1.86 million households had access to liquefied natural gas, up 31.6% from the 2004 figure.
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Social Undertakings
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Science and technology
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The annual expenditure on research and development reached 21.4 billion yuan, accounting for 2.34% of the city's GDP.
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Education
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There were 60 institutions of higher learning at the year-end. The number of students enrolled in postgraduate schools and institutions of higher learning during the year stood at 27,700 and 131,800 respectively.
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Culture
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Shanghai had a total of 85 professional performing organizations, 32 cultural centers, 100 museums, 28 public libraries, and 45 archives.
100% of the municipal population had access to various radio and TV programs. The cable TV subscribers numbered 4.273 million at the year-end.
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Public health
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There were a total of 2,527 medical and healthcare institutions staffed with some 103,500 medical professionals and technicians at the year-end.
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Sports
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The year saw the establishment of 41 new community sports facilities and 201 community (township) body-building centers.
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Welfare and aid
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At the end of 2005, there were 474 homes for the old equipped with 49,500 beds. About 552,300 people were covered by the government's relief fund, a reduction of 34,000 from the previous year-end.
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Population, Employment, Social Security and Living Standards
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Population
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The year 2005 saw births of 82,400, or a birth rate of 6.08‰, and deaths of 102,300, or a mortality rate of 7.54‰. The natural growth rate of the population stood at -1.46‰. At the end of the year, the total registered population stood at 13.603 million, and the number of permanent residents reached 17.78 million.
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Employment
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The employed urban population stood at 5.983 million at the end of 2005, an increase of 93,700 from the year before. About 651,000 new jobs were created during the year.
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Registered unemployment rate
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The registered urban unemployment rate was 4.4%.
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Social security
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In 2005, insurance plans for endowments, medical treatment and unemployment covered a population of 7.345 million, 7.136 million and 4.661 million respectively. The minimum monthly wage for an enterprise employee was raised from 635 yuan to 690 yuan.
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Residents' income
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The disposable income of urban residents was 18,645 yuan per capita, up 11.8% from 2004, while that of rural residents was 8,342 yuan, a growth of 10.7% from the previous year.
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Residents' consumption
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Urban residents' per capita expenditure was 13,773 yuan, up 9% from the previous year, while rural residents' per capita expenditure was 7,265 yuan, up 14.8%.
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Geography and Natural Conditions
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Elevation extremes
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The average elevation is about 4 meters above sea level. Except for a few hills lying in the southwest corner, most parts of Shanghai are flat and belong to the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta. According to the 2000 survey, Shanghai covers a total area of 6,340.5 sq km, about 0.06% of the national territory, including 6,219 sq km of land area and 122 sq km of water area. It extends 120 km from south to north and 100 km from east to west. Its Chongming Island, covering an area of 1,041 sq km, is the third largest island in China.
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Climate
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With a pleasant northern subtropical maritime monsoon climate, Shanghai enjoys four distinct seasons, with generous sunshine and abundant rainfall. Its spring and autumn are relatively short comparing with the summer and winter. The average annual temperature is about 17.6 °C. The city has a frost-free period of some 300 days, and receives an annual rainfall of some 1,300 mm. However, nearly 50 percent of the precipitation comes during the May-September flooding season, which is divided into three rainy periods, namely, the Spring Rains, the Plum Rains and the Autumn Rains.
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Natural resources
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Dotted with many rivers and lakes, Shanghai is known for its rich water resources, with the water area accounting for 11% of its total territory. Most of the rivers are tributaries of the Huangpu River. Originated from the Taihu Lake, the 113 km Huangpu River winds through the downtown area of the city. The river is about 300-770 meters wide with an average width standing at 360 meters. The ice-free river is the main waterway in the Shanghai area.
The total water reserve in Shanghai stands at 2.7 billion cubic meters, 200 cubic meters per capita.
Facing the East China Sea, Shanghai has abundant aquatic resources. There are a total of more than 700 types of aquatic products in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. In addition, Shanghai is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River where sea water and fresh water converge. The wide river mouth is home to 108 species of fish including 20 economic fishes. Shanghai also boasts a number of natural lakes with abundant bottom living things such as conch, Corbicula leana (a fresh-water variety of bivalves) and clam.
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Tourism resources
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As a city of a long history, Shanghai has 13 historical sites under state protection, including characteristic gardens built during the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. A group of architectures built since the 1990s have added something new to the scenic attractions of the city. The Oriental Pearl TV tower, the No. 1 skyscraper in China and the People's Square well fit into the urban landscape and compete with the Western-style architectures built along the bunds.
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