Peking Opera and Local Operas
China has more than 300 forms of traditional opera, of which Peking Opera is the most popular. Peking Opera evolved from Kunqu Opera, an even more ancient art of drama that was listed by UNESCO in May 2001 among the first group of works representing humankind through oral history. Other popular local operas include Yueju (Shaoxing Opera from Zhejiang), Huangmeixi (from Anhui), Chuanju (Sichuan Opera), Yuju (Henan Opera), and Yueju (Guangdong Opera). Peking Opera developed in early 19th-century Beijing and presents singing, music, chanting, dancing and martial arts all in one stage performance. The dramatic masks and costumes of Peking Opera are world-renowned. Famous Peking Opera actors and actresses over the years included Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Ma Lianliang, Zhou Xinfang and Du Jinfang. Since the 1990s, the emergence of highly talented young performers such as Wang Rongrong and Yu Kuizhi helps demonstrate the continued importance of Peking Opera in Chinese culture.
Theater
The Beijing People's Art Theater, the China National Experimental Theater and the China National Youth Theater in Beijing have been at the heart of a new interest in Western-style drama, which was introduced to China in early 20th century and gradually came of age in the 1930s, a time when the great dramatist Cao Yu wrote three classic plays Thunderstorm, Sunrise and The Wilderness. During the past two decades the Beijing People's Art Theater, founded in 1952, has presented over 80 new plays and 12 repertoire productions such as the Teahouse, one of the modern classics written by Lao She (1899-1966) that chronicles the turbulence and wars Chinese went through in the more than 40 years from the turn of the century until the founding of the People's Republic in 1949. Aside from regular theaters that seat some 1,000, many smaller theaters with a seating capacity of some 200-300 have opened, which also have played a significant role in boosting the popularity of stage dramas in China's capital city, particularly among young people.
