Asians increasingly are soaking up the sun, both in the out-of-doors and in popular tanning salons. The result: a rise in skin cancers, including deadly melanoma.
It's autumn in Hong Kong, but the island city's beaches are still crowded with sun worshipers desperate to catch the last rays of sunshine before winter.
"I love the bronze color," says sunbather Richard Tong.
A growing trend in East Asia to soak up the sun either on beaches or in tanning salons is worrying dermatologists in the region who say they are seeing a rise in skin cancer, which is caused by cumulative over-exposure to the sun.
The number of cases is low compared with the United States and Australia, but the tanning trend has raised concern of cancer risks in a region where a porcelain complexion was traditionally considered the ultimate sign of beauty and refinement.
"Asians used to think they were pretty safe from skin cancer. However, due to increased outdoor activity, more (sun) exposure and sun tanning, there is an increasing incidence of skin cancer among younger people," said Ro Young-suck, head of the Korean Dermatologist Assn.
"There has been a huge increase in skin cancer rates in Korean men in particular. We predict it's because while most Korean women usually wear sunscreen while putting on their makeup, men aren't used to this, aren't aware how dangerous it is, and so they don't bother to."
While incidences of skin cancer in most places in Asia are small compared with the United States and Australia, the number of cases has jumped markedly in recent years.
There were 1,712 new cases of skin cancer diagnosed in South Korea in 2005, up from 777 in 1995, according to the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Incidences in Hong Kong went up to around 650 in 2004 from 370 in 1995.
"People who are constantly exposed to UV (ultraviolet radiation in sunlight) won't get cancer immediately," said George Li, a plastic surgeon at Hong Kong's public Queen Mary Hospital. "It takes a long time to cause skin damage, as people get older there is a high chance to develop skin cancer."
Skin cancer is one of the commonest forms of cancer and is linked to other risk factors like fair skin, light-colored hair and eyes, a compromised immune system, genes and old age.
There are three major types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. The first two are slow growing and highly treatable if discovered early.
Melanoma is the most lethal. It affects deeper layers of the skin and can quickly spread to other parts of the body. It causes eight out of every 10 skin cancer deaths in the United States.
Caucasians are more susceptible to skin cancer and an average of one in three Caucasians gets skin cancer in their lifetime, according to the US Skin Cancer Foundation.
In Asia, sun worshipers don't just work on their tans on the beach or by the pool - tanning salons are increasingly popular as beauty salons offering a range of treatments take off in a region that is enjoying unprecedented affluence.
A 15-20 minute session costs anywhere between US$24 and US$41 in Singapore. In Hong Kong, a 10-minute session costs about US$13.
Even in Australia, where one in two Australians develops skin cancers in their lifetime and 1,600 people die from skin cancers each year, a campaign to educate people to wear sunblock, sunglasses and shirts to reduce skin cancer risks does not seem to be making major dents in skin cancer rates.
Melanoma cases in Australia rose nearly seven percent in women in the 10 years to 2003, and nearly 19 percent in men.
However, Cancer Council Australia President, Professor Ian Olver, expects skin cancer figures to flatten out when the young generation, educated to cover up from the sun, gets older.
"Caucasians migrated into an area where the sunshine is intense. In other countries, indigenous people have pigmented skin because of the climate they lived in over the years. We migrated to a country that didn't suit our skin color," Olver said.
In Hong Kong, experts are trying to educate locals by telling them to cut sun exposure, use sun-block rather than tanning creams and avoid sunbeads - which use mainly ultraviolet A rays.
The message: UV-A is not completely innocent, we cannot completely disregard it. We are exposed to a lot of UV-A and because of its high wavelength, it penetrates deeper.
(Shanghai Daily November 7, 2007)
