(Adopted at the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on July 1, 1979, promulgated by Order No.6 of the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on July 7, 1979 and effective as of January 1, 1980; amended in according with the Decision on Revising the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the Forth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 17, 1996)

Contents

Part One     General Provisions

Chapter I    Aim and Basic Principles

Chapter II   Jurisdiction

Chapter III   Withdrawal

Chapter IV   Defence and Representation

Chapter V    Evidence

Chapter VI   Compulsory Measures

Chapter VII   Incidental Civil Actions

Chapter VIII  Time Periods and Service

Chapter IX   Other Provisions

Part Two     Filing a Case, Investigation, and Initiation of Public Prosecution

Chapter I    Filing a Case

Chapter II   Investigation

Section 1  General Provisions

Section 2  Interrogation of the Criminal Suspect

Section 3  Questioning of the Witnesses

Section 4  Inquest and Examination

Section 5  Search

Section 6  Seizure of Material Evidence and Documentary Evidence

Section 7  Expert Evaluation

Section 8  Wanted Orders

Section 9  Conclusion of Investigation

Section 10 Investigation of Cases Directly Accepted by the People's Procuratorates

Chapter III  Initiation of Public Prosecution

Part Three   Trial

Chapter I    Trial Organizations

Chapter II   Procedure of First Instance

  Section 1  Cases of Public Prosecution

  Section 2  Cases of Private Prosecution

  Section 3  Summary Procedure 

Chapter III  Procedure of Second Instance

Chapter IV   Procedure for Review of Death Sentences

Chapter V    Procedure for Trial Supervision

Part Four    Execution

Supplementary Provisions

 

Part One

General Provisions

Chapter I

Aim and Basic Principles

Article 1  This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution and for the purpose of ensuring correct enforcement of the Criminal Law, punishing crimes, protecting the people, safeguarding State and public security and maintaining socialist public order.

Article 2  The aim of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is: to ensure accurate and timely ascertainment of  facts about crimes, correct application of law, punishment of criminals and protection of the innocent against being investigated for criminal responsibility; to enhance the citizens' awareness of the need to abide by  law and to fight vigorously against criminal acts in order to  safeguard  the socialist legal system, to protect the citizens' personal rights; their property rights, democratic rights and other rights; and to guarantee smooth progress of the cause of socialist development.

Article 3  The public security organs shall be responsible for investigation, detention, execution of arrests and preliminary inquiry in criminal cases. The People's Procuratorates shall be responsible for procuratorial work, authorizing approval of arrests, conducting investigation and initiating public prosecution of cases directly accepted by the procuratorial organs. The People's Courts shall be responsible for adjudication. Except as otherwise provided by law, no other organs, organizations or individuals shall have the authority  to exercise such powers.

In conducting criminal proceedings, the People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs must strictly observe this Law and any relevant stipulations of other laws.

Article 4  State security organs shall, in accordance with law, handle  cases of crimes that endanger State security, performing the same functions and powers as the public security organs.

Article 5  The People's Courts shall exercise judicial power independently in accordance with law and the People's Procuratorates shall exercise procuratorial power independently in accordance with law, and they shall be free from interference by any administrative organ, public organization or individual.

Article 6  In conducting criminal proceedings, the People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs must rely on the masses, base themselves on facts and take  law as the criterion. The law applies equally to all citizens and no privilege whatsoever is permissible before  law.

Article 7  In conducting criminal proceedings, the People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs shall divide responsibilities, coordinate their efforts and check  each other to ensure the correct and effective enforcement of  law.

Article 8  The People's Procuratorates shall, in accordance with law, exercise legal supervision over criminal proceedings.

Article 9  Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native  spoken and written languages in court proceedings.  The People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs shall provide translations for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the  spoken or written language commonly  used in the locality.  

Where people  of a minority nationality live in a concentrated community or where a number of nationalities live together in one area, court hearings shall be conducted in the spoken language commonly used in the locality, and judgments, notices and other documents shall be issued in the  written language commonly used in the locality. 

Article 10  In trying  cases, the People's Courts shall apply the system whereby the  second instance is final.

Article 11  Cases in the People's Courts shall be heard in public, unless otherwise provided by this Law.  A defendant shall have the right to defence, and the People's Courts  shall have the duty to guarantee his defence.

Article 12  No person shall be found guilty without being judged as such by a People's Court according to law.

Article 13  In trying cases, the People's Courts shall apply the system of people's assessors taking part in trials in accordance with this Law.

Article 14  The People's Courts, the People's Procuratorates and the public security organs shall safeguard the procedural rights to which participants in  proceedings are entitled  according to law.

In cases where a minor under the age of 18 commits a crime, the criminal suspect and the legal representative of the defendant may be notified to be present at the time of interrogation and trial.

Participants in proceedings shall have the right to file charges against judges, procurators and investigators whose acts infringe on their citizen's procedural rights or subject their persons to indignities. 

Article 15  In any of the following circumstances, no criminal responsibility shall be investigated; if investigation has already been undertaken, the case shall be dismissed, or prosecution shall not be initiated, or the handling shall be terminated, or innocence shall be declared:

(1)  if an act is  obviously  minor,  causing no serious harm, and  is therefore not deemed a crime;

(2)  if the limitation  period for criminal prosecution has expired;

(3)  if an exemption of criminal punishment has been granted in a  special amnesty decree;

(4)  if the crime is to be handled only upon complaint according to the Criminal Law, but there has been no complaint or the complaint has been withdrawn;

(5)  if the criminal suspect or defendant is deceased; or

(6)  if other laws  provide an  exemption from investigation of criminal responsibility.

Article 16  Provisions of this Law shall apply to foreigners who commit crimes for which criminal responsibility should be investigated.

If  foreigners with diplomatic privileges and immunities  commit crimes for which criminal responsibility should be investigated, those cases shall be resolved through diplomatic channels.

Article 17  In accordance with the international treaties which the People's Republic of China has concluded or acceded to or on the principle of reciprocity,  the judicial organs of China and that of other countries  may request  judicial assistance from each other  in criminal affairs.

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