A large number of Party and government cadres from central to local levels were wrongly branded ?capitalist roaders.? Anarchism prevailed as the leadership of the Party committees was ?pushed aside?. As a result, a domestic turmoil emerged amidst calls for ?Down with the Whole Lot and an All-Out Civil War.? Shown here is a big-character poster put up on a university campus, calling for ?Sweeping away class enemies of all descriptions.?