Harmony between Humanity and Nature
This notion of harmony between man and nature first appeared explicitly in Rectifying the Ignorant, Truth and Enlightenment (Zheng Meng) by Zhang Zai (1020-1077) of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). However, the idea existed for a long time previously as a world outlook and a way of thinking and can be traced back to The Book of Changes (Yi Jing). An integral facet of the Chinese worldview, it shines light on people's basic understanding of the cosmos and their relationship with it. The idea stresses global unity, that human beings, alongside other living creatures, coexist with nature and constitute the cosmos, the biggest shared community of life. At the same time, it also recognizes the uniqueness of human beings for their ability to understand and exploit the laws of the universe. Thus, humans should follow the Way of Heaven, treat all in nature with benevolence, and recognize them as part of a shared community of life. This is the path to realization of harmonious unity of heaven, earth, and human beings.
This idea also reflects the lofty ideals and wisdom of the Chinese nation. It demands a review of anthropocentrism in modern time, changes to the development model that over-exploits and damages nature, and reverence for nature. It frames the human relationship with nature from a healthier perspective which promotes more efficient usage of natural resources. Humans must fulfil obligations to nature and actively seek harmonious coexistence with it according to the philosophy to achieve sustainable development in the human society.
天人合一
天人合一作為一個(gè)完整的詞組最早出現(xiàn)在北宋張載（1020—1077）的《正蒙·誠(chéng)明篇》中，但作為一種世界觀和思維方式早已存在，其源頭可以追溯到《周易》。天人合一是中華文明的宇宙觀的重要內(nèi)容，集中體現(xiàn)了對(duì)整個(gè)宇宙以及人與宇宙萬(wàn)物關(guān)系的根本看法。這一理念一方面強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)世界的有機(jī)關(guān)聯(lián)，認(rèn)為人類與鳥(niǎo)獸、草木、山水都是宇宙的一部分，萬(wàn)物共生共存，共同構(gòu)成宇宙這個(gè)最大的生命共同體；另一方面強(qiáng)調(diào)人在宇宙萬(wàn)物中具有特殊性，即人可以了解并利用宇宙規(guī)律，應(yīng)該主動(dòng)順應(yīng)和效法“天道”的生生不息，以仁愛(ài)之心對(duì)待天地萬(wàn)物，將天地萬(wàn)物視為同自己緊密相連的生命共同體，實(shí)現(xiàn)天、地、人的協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一。
天人合一體現(xiàn)了中華民族的崇高追求和生態(tài)智慧。這一理念啟示我們，應(yīng)重新審視近代以來(lái)人類中心主義的自然觀，改變對(duì)自然過(guò)度索取、破壞的發(fā)展模式，正確看待人與自然的關(guān)系，心存敬畏，取用有度，承擔(dān)人類自身對(duì)自然萬(wàn)物的責(zé)任和義務(wù)，推動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)人與自然和諧共生、人類社會(huì)永續(xù)發(fā)展。
