Harmony Between Yin and Yang
Yin and yang are two basic concepts of ancient Chinese philosophy. Their primary meanings came from the idea that "the sunny side is yang and the shady side is yin" in ancient times. The idea expressed the ancients' most intuitive understanding of those contrasting yet harmonious phenomena in nature such as the rotation between the sun and the moon, between day and night, between winter and summer, and between cloudy and sunny days, and the existence of two genders. Since the Warring States Period (475-221 BC), the meanings of yin and yang had been further extended, from being mere descriptions of natural phenomena to two highly abstract philosophical concepts in dichotomy. Yin and yang are thus not only concepts depicting the state of things in nature, but also basic concepts for describing social phenomena, becoming philosophical concepts regarding opposite phenomena in general. It can be said that the concepts of yin and yang constitute a basic way of thinking of the ancient Chinese and a basic framework for them to understand the world.
Harmony between yin and yang is the most optimal and ideal relationship between the two. The Chinese people often say that "yin or yang will not grow when they are isolated," indicating that it is their interaction that creates the entire world. According to the Chinese classic Lao Zi, "All things stand, facing yang and against yin. The interaction between yin and yang creates a state of harmony." It suggests that all things are generated from the interaction between yin and yang, and the balance or harmony between yin and yang is the most ideal state of this interaction. Therefore, the pursuit of harmony is actually pursuing the harmony between yin and yang.
陰陽(yáng)和合
陰、陽(yáng)，是中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)的基本范疇，其本意來(lái)自上古“向日為陽(yáng)，背日為陰”觀念，表達(dá)了上古先民對(duì)自然界天地百象、日月輪轉(zhuǎn)、晝夜交接、寒暑更替、陰晴變換、男女雌雄等對(duì)立而和諧現(xiàn)象的直觀體認(rèn)。戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期以來(lái)，陰陽(yáng)概念得到進(jìn)一步引申，從概括自然矛盾現(xiàn)象的概念高度抽象成一種二分法的哲學(xué)范疇。至此，陰陽(yáng)不僅是表征自然萬(wàn)物狀態(tài)的概念，也是描述社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的基本概念，成為泛指對(duì)立現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)哲學(xué)范疇?？梢哉f(shuō)，陰陽(yáng)的觀念代表著中國(guó)古人的一種基本思維方式和認(rèn)識(shí)世界的基本框架。
陰陽(yáng)和合，是對(duì)二者關(guān)系的最高揭示，也是對(duì)一種理想境界的塑造。中國(guó)人通言道“孤陰不生，孤陽(yáng)不長(zhǎng)”，意思是陰陽(yáng)的共同作用造就了世界萬(wàn)物?！独献印诽岢觥叭f(wàn)物負(fù)陰而抱陽(yáng)，沖氣以為和”，認(rèn)為萬(wàn)物由陰陽(yáng)而來(lái)，其最理想狀態(tài)就是陰陽(yáng)之間的平衡、和諧。所以，對(duì)“和”的追求，實(shí)際上就是追求陰陽(yáng)理想狀態(tài)，即陰陽(yáng)和合。
