Theory of Equilibrium and Harmony
It is a theory advocated by Confucianism, which can be found in The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhong Yong): "When the feelings such as pleasure, anger, sorrow and joy are not stirred, the mind may be said to be in the state of equilibrium. When those feelings have been stirred to a proper degree, the mind may be said to be in the state of harmony. This equilibrium is the nature of all humans, and this harmony is the universal path they all should pursue. When the states of equilibrium and harmony are achieved, a happy order will prevail throughout the world, and all things will be nourished and flourish."
According to this theory, when all the emotions and desires of a person are satisfied to a proper degree, he or she will have a harmonious and healthy mind; when the emotions and desires of all the people in a society are satisfied to a proper degree, harmony, stability and a good order will ensue in the society. This state of inner peace and harmony constitutes the essential characteristics of humanity and society.
“中和說”
中和說，是儒家倡導的哲學觀念，見于《中庸》，所謂“喜怒哀樂之未發謂之中，發而皆中節謂之和；中也者，天下之大本也，和也者，天下之達道也。致中和，天地位焉，萬物育焉”，意思是說，喜怒哀樂沒有表現出來的時候，叫作“中”；喜怒哀樂的情感表現出來以后能夠適中且有節度，叫作“和”。“中”是人人都有的本性，“和”是大家都應當遵循的原則，達到“中和”的狀態，天地便各在其位，萬物便可以生長繁衍了。
“中和說”認為，一個人的情感和欲望都滿足并且控制在恰當的限度上，他的精神就達到和諧和健康。一個社會中各式各樣人的情感和欲望都滿足和表現到恰當的限度，這個社會的內部就達到和諧、安定而有秩序。這種平和、和諧就是人自身以及社會的本質特征。
