Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan
Soil is fundamental to sustainable social and economic development, and protecting the soil environment is a key component in building an eco-civilization and maintaining national ecological security.
In May 2016, the State Council released the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. To ensure the quality of farm produce and a safe living environment, the document placed emphasis on prevention for protection, with proper risk control, and making phased improvement of the soils for different purposes of use. The document also announced the decision to put in place a mechanism in which the government takes the lead, enterprises assume the main responsibility, and the public participate in and supervise soil pollution control, so as to ensure sustainable use of soil resources.
With the introduction of this document, China had implemented three major action plans on addressing air, water and soil pollution.
The document listed 10 measures:
?conducting soil pollution surveys to learn about the quality of the soil environment;
?advancing legislation on soil pollution prevention and control and introducing a sound system of laws, regulations and standards;
?managing agricultural land by category to ensure a safe agricultural production environment;
?controlling market access to land used for construction to prevent threats to the living environment;
?protecting clean soil and strictly preventing more soil from being polluted;
?monitoring pollution sources to prevent more soil pollution;
?restoring contaminated land to improve the quality of the soil environment in relevant areas;
?promoting technological research and development to boost eco-friendly industries;
?giving full play to government leadership in building a soil environment improvement system; and
?reinforcing scrutiny of the fulfillment of relevant targets and strengthening accountability.
Following the publication of the document, the state made comprehensive plans to address soil pollution, including relevant legislation, soil pollution surveys, and support policies on soil environment protection and management. A nationwide campaign to keep the soil free from pollution was launched.
In January 2019, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution came into effect. By 2020, about 90 percent of the polluted farmlands and more than 93 percent of other plots of polluted land had been utilized in a safe manner. The risk of soil pollution had been brought under control, and the targets for protecting the soil from pollution had all been met.
Formulating and implementing the three major action plans on addressing air, water and soil pollution are significant moves taken by China's central authorities to fight pollution and build an eco-civilization. They are significant steps to improve the eco-environment and maintain the security of various natural ecosystems.
土壤污染防治行動計劃
土壤是經濟社會可持續發展的物質基礎，保護好土壤環境是推進生態文明建設和維護國家生態安全的重要內容。2016年5月，國務院印發《土壤污染防治行動計劃》（簡稱“土十條”），以改善土壤環境質量為核心，以保障農產品質量和人居環境安全為出發點，堅持預防為主、保護優先、風險管控，實施分類別、分用途、分階段治理，要求形成政府主導、企業擔責、公眾參與、社會監督的土壤污染防治體系，促進土壤資源永續利用。至此，針對中國現階段面臨的大氣、水、土壤環境污染問題的污染防治行動計劃已經全部制定發布實施。
《土壤污染防治行動計劃》確定了十個方面的措施，即開展土壤污染調查，掌握土壤環境質量狀況；推進土壤污染防治立法，建立健全法規標準體系；實施農用地分類管理，保障農業生產環境安全；實施建設用地準入管理，防范人居環境風險；強化未受到污染土壤保護，嚴控新增土壤污染；加強污染源監管，做好土壤污染預防工作；開展污染治理與修復，改善區域土壤環境質量；加大科技研發力度，推動環境保護產業發展；發揮政府主導作用，構建土壤環境治理體系；加強目標考核，嚴格責任追究。
此后，國家對土壤污染防治工作進行了全面系統的部署，包括健全完善法律法規、推進全國土壤污染狀況詳查、健全土壤生態環境保護管理及支撐體系等，全國各級各部門持續開展凈土保衛戰。2019年1月，《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》正式實施。到2020年，全國受污染耕地安全利用率達到90%左右，污染地塊安全利用率達到93%以上，土壤污染風險得到基本管控，凈土保衛戰目標全面完成。
制定實施《大氣污染防治行動計劃》《水污染防治行動計劃》《土壤污染防治行動計劃》三個污染防治行動計劃是中共中央、國務院推進生態文明建設、堅決向污染宣戰的一項重大舉措，是系統開展污染治理的重要戰略部署，對確保生態環境質量改善、各類自然生態系統安全穩定具有重要作用。
