Ecological Security System
National ecological security implies that a country has a complete set of ecosystems that are free from threat and support the country's survival and development, and that the country has a capacity to address major ecological issues. Ecological security involves homeland resources, water bodies, and environmental and biological security. It is both a goal for sustainable development and a dynamic system subject to constant development.
As an important component of national security, ecological security is the precondition for political, military and economic security, and affects public wellbeing, sustainable economic and social development, and long-term stability. It is one of the foundations of the entire national security system.
In 2000, the State Council issued the Program for National Eco-environmental Protection, setting the goal of ensuring national eco-environmental security. In December 2004, the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress passed the revised Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, which defined ensuring ecological security as one of the aims of the law.
Along with progress in building an eco-civilization, China has raised its understanding of ecological security. Presiding over the first meeting of the Central National Security Commission in April 2014, Xi Jinping emphasized the need to pursue a holistic approach to national security and build a national security system that integrates political, homeland, military, economic, cultural, social, science and technology, information, ecological, resource and nuclear security.
In October 2017, the report to the CPC's 19th National Congress reiterated the importance of ecological security. It pointed out that China must pursue a path of sustainable development based on increased production, higher living standards and healthy ecosystems. It must continue the Beautiful China initiative to create good working and living environments for the people, and play a part in ensuring global ecological security.
At the National Conference on Eco-environmental Protection in May 2018, Xi Jinping urged China to build an ecological security system prioritizing well-functioning ecosystems and effective control of environmental risks, which he listed as one of the five component systems of an eco-civilization.
Building an ecological security system is a complicated, arduous, and systematic project that requires lasting endeavors. It is a strategic measure to improve China's national security system.
生態安全體系
國家生態安全的基本內涵是一國具有支撐國家生存發展的較為完整、不受威脅的生態系統，以及應對內外重大生態問題的能力。生態安全包含國土資源安全、水體安全、環境安全、生物安全等范疇，既是可持續發展所追求的目標，又是一個不斷發展的動態安全體系。生態安全作為國家安全的重要組成部分，是政治安全、軍事安全和經濟安全的載體，關系人民群眾福祉、經濟社會可持續發展和社會長久穩定，是國家安全體系的重要基石。
2000年，國務院發布《全國生態環境保護綱要》，明確提出“維護國家生態環境安全”的目標。2004年12月，第十屆全國人大常委會第十三次會議修訂通過《中華人民共和國固體廢物污染環境防治法》，將維護生態安全作為立法宗旨寫進了國家法律，使其作為一個法律概念得以確立。
隨著生態文明建設的深入，中國對生態安全的認識提升到了一個新高度。2014年4月，習近平主持召開中央國家安全委員會第一次會議強調，貫徹落實總體國家安全觀，構建集政治安全、國土安全、軍事安全、經濟安全、文化安全、社會安全、科技安全、信息安全、生態安全、資源安全、核安全等于一體的國家安全體系。2017年10月，中共十九大報告進一步闡述了生態安全的重要性，指出要堅定走生產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路，建設美麗中國，為人民創造良好生產生活環境，為全球生態安全作出貢獻。2018年5月，習近平在全國生態環境保護大會上提出加快建立健全以生態系統良性循環和環境風險有效防控為重點的生態安全體系，并將其納入生態文明建設“五個體系”。生態安全體系建設是一項具有長期性、復雜性、艱難性的系統工程。加強生態安全體系建設是推進國家安全體系建設的重要戰略舉措。
