The System for Disaster Prevention, Mitigation and Relief
Human understanding of the natural laws will never be complete. Disaster prevention, mitigation and relief are an eternal issue for humanity.
China suffers the greatest number of natural disasters in the world. The disasters are of various types, occurring frequently across a vast area, and causing great losses. This makes it both an urgent task and a long-term mission to reinforce its system for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief.
Since 2012, the central authorities have paid close attention to disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, and included this in the campaign to modernize the state governance system and capacity. They have coordinated major projects and institutional reforms to strengthen national disaster and risk governance. While prevention remains the priority, disaster prevention, resistance and relief will be combined to guarantee people's life and property security.
In December 2016, the central authorities issued a document on reforming the institutions and mechanisms for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, providing guidance for the whole society's capacity to forestall natural disasters.
At its 19th National Congress, the CPC announced a series of decisions: to promote safe development, and raise public awareness that life matters most and that safety comes first; to improve the public safety system and the responsibility system for workplace safety; to take resolute measures to prevent serious and major accidents; and to build up China's capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief.
In April 2018, the Ministry of Emergency Management was established. Following this, China has included disaster prevention, mitigation and relief in emergency management, and accelerated the creation of a system for efficient, science-based prevention and control of natural disasters, as part of its effort to build a national emergency rescue system in the new era and enhance its comprehensive capacity against disasters, so as to provide strong guarantee to people's life and property security and national security.
防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)體系
人類對自然規(guī)律的認(rèn)知沒有止境，防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)是人類生存發(fā)展的永恒課題。中國是世界上自然災(zāi)害最嚴(yán)重的國家之一，災(zāi)害種類多、分布地域廣、發(fā)生頻率高、造成損失重。因此，加強(qiáng)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)體系建設(shè)，既是一項(xiàng)緊迫任務(wù)，又是一項(xiàng)長期任務(wù)。
中共十八大以來，以習(xí)近平同志為核心的中共中央高度重視防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)工作，將防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)作為國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的重要內(nèi)容，統(tǒng)籌部署重大工程建設(shè)和體制機(jī)制改革，推動災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)治理能力不斷提升。中國創(chuàng)新發(fā)展新時(shí)代應(yīng)急管理理念，堅(jiān)持以防為主、防災(zāi)抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)相結(jié)合，全面提升綜合防災(zāi)能力，為人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全提供堅(jiān)實(shí)保障。
2016年12月，中共中央、國務(wù)院印發(fā)《關(guān)于推進(jìn)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)體制機(jī)制改革的意見》，為全面提升全社會抵御自然災(zāi)害的綜合防范能力作出指導(dǎo)。2017年10月，中共十九大報(bào)告指出，要樹立安全發(fā)展理念，弘揚(yáng)生命至上、安全第一的思想，健全公共安全體系，完善安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制，堅(jiān)決遏制重特大安全事故，提升防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)能力。2018年4月，國家應(yīng)急管理部成立，將防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)納入應(yīng)急管理工作，加快建立高效科學(xué)的自然災(zāi)害防治體系，構(gòu)建新時(shí)代國家應(yīng)急救援體系，全面提升綜合防災(zāi)能力，為保護(hù)人民群眾生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全和國家安全提供有力保障。
