Eco-Environmental Protection and Restoration
Eco-environmental protection and restoration helps safeguard natural ecological security and improve the entire natural ecosystem. It is a significant part of building an eco-civilization and ensuring national ecological security.
Since 2012, China has increased the pace of eco-environmental restoration. It has taken a holistic approach to protecting and restoring mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, and continued with its large-scale afforestation projects, and key restoration projects concerning wetlands, rivers, lakes, the marine eco-environment, control of desertification and soil erosion, biodiversity protection, and comprehensive improvement of soil. It has also improved relevant systems to promote both eco-environmental protection and economic development.
The report to the CPC's 19th National Congress included projects to protect and restore key ecosystems as part of the plan for an eco-civilization. The 19th CPC Central Committee, at its fourth plenary session, decided to improve the eco-environmental protection and restoration system, and follow a holistic approach to protecting and restoring mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands.
In June 2020, a national overall plan on key ecosystem conservation and restoration projects for 2021-2035 was published. The plan established principles such as prioritizing environmental protection and letting nature restore itself, pursuing a holistic approach focusing on the toughest problems, adopting science-based, comprehensive measures, and advancing reform and innovation and improving the mechanism for construction and management. The document also set goals for ecosystem conservation and restoration by 2035, and outlined a general framework addressing tasks, projects, policies and measures.
生態保護修復
生態保護修復是守住自然生態安全邊界、促進自然生態系統質量整體改善的重要保障。加強生態保護和修復對推進生態文明建設、保障國家生態安全具有重要意義。
中共十八大以來，中國在全面加強生態保護的基礎上，不斷加大生態修復力度，積極探索統籌山水林田湖草一體化保護和修復，持續推進大規模國土綠化、濕地與河湖保護修復、防沙治沙、水土保持、生物多樣性保護、土地綜合整治、海洋生態修復等重點生態工程建設，在實踐中不斷探索總結，健全生態保護和修復制度，推動生態環境保護和經濟發展共贏。
中共十九大報告在部署未來生態文明建設時強調，實施重要生態系統保護和修復重大工程。2019年10月，中共十九屆四中全會《決定》要求，健全生態保護和修復制度，統籌山水林田湖草一體化保護和修復。2020年6月，國家發展改革委、自然資源部聯合印發《全國重要生態系統保護和修復重大工程總體規劃（2021—2035年）》，以堅持保護優先、自然恢復為主，堅持統籌兼顧、突出重點難點，堅持科學治理、推進綜合施策，堅持改革創新、完善建管機制為基本原則，明確提出到2035年推進全國森林、草原、荒漠、河流、湖泊、濕地、海洋等自然生態系統保護和修復工作的主要目標，以及統籌山水林田湖草一體化保護和修復的總體布局、重點任務、重大工程和政策舉措。
