The System of Compensation for Eco-Environmental Damage
The system of compensation for eco-environmental damage is an important component of the system of institutions for building an eco-civilization. The central authorities have used compensation as a tool of remedy to assist with eco-environmental conservation.
The 18th CPC Central Committee, at its third plenary session in 2013, decided to adopt such a system to make those responsible pay for damage and hold offenders accountable for criminal acts.
From 2015 to 2017, pilots were carried out in some provinces and cities, and in 2018, the system was rolled out nationwide.
The 19th CPC Central Committee, at its fourth plenary session in 2019, announced the decision to implement the eco-compensation system, and the systems of compensation and lifelong accountability for eco-environmental damage.
The system of compensation for eco-environmental damage has clear provisions about the scope of application, the parties responsible, the claimants, the channels of payment, damage identification and evaluation, relevant technologies, funding guarantees and operational mechanisms. The implementation of the system helps raise the efficiency of damage payment and eco-environmental recovery.
Previously, when the environment was polluted by an enterprise, it was the people who suffered and the government who had to pay for the pollution. This new system now provides institutional guarantee for protecting the people's environmental rights and interests, and meets their growing desire for a pleasant eco-environment.
A sound system of compensation for eco-environmental damage is an important part of the reform to build an eco-civilization. It is also part of the strictest possible systems for ecological and environmental protection practiced in China.
生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度
生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度是生態(tài)文明制度體系的重要組成部分。中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院高度重視生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償工作。2013年11月，中共十八屆三中全會(huì)《決定》提出，對(duì)造成生態(tài)環(huán)境損害的責(zé)任者嚴(yán)格實(shí)行賠償制度，依法追究刑事責(zé)任。2015年11月，中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度改革試點(diǎn)方案》，部署生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度改革工作。在此基礎(chǔ)上，2017年12月，中共中央辦公廳、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)《生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度改革方案》，標(biāo)志著生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度改革從先行試點(diǎn)進(jìn)入全國(guó)試行的新階段。2019年10月，中共十九屆四中全會(huì)《決定》進(jìn)一步提出，落實(shí)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償和生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度，實(shí)行生態(tài)環(huán)境損害責(zé)任終身追究制。
生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度，明確生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償范圍、責(zé)任主體、索賠主體和損害賠償解決途徑，形成相應(yīng)的鑒定評(píng)估管理和技術(shù)體系、資金保障和運(yùn)行機(jī)制，不斷提高生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償和修復(fù)的效率，為破解“企業(yè)污染、群眾受害、政府買單”的不合理局面，切實(shí)維護(hù)人民群眾環(huán)境權(quán)益，滿足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的優(yōu)美生態(tài)環(huán)境需要提供堅(jiān)實(shí)制度保障。建立健全生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償制度，是生態(tài)文明體制改革的重要內(nèi)容，是實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格的生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)制度的具體實(shí)踐。
