Shanghai: Household Waste Sorting
Along with rapid urbanization and improvement of people's living standards, more and more large and medium-sized cities are finding themselves "encircled" by a growing volume of garbage. The boom in catering and logistics services in recent decades has produced huge amounts of household waste in Shanghai, which has resulted in such problems as land appropriation, environmental pollution, and waste of resources.
Waste sorting is an effective measure for reducing, recycling and harmless treatment of household waste. It is also an important way to improve the living environment and accelerate the building of an eco-civilization.
Shanghai began household waste sorting in the 1990s. It has pioneered waste separation and formulated relevant rules.
Waste sorting is a small thing in people's lives and a big thing in green development. Xi Jinping has required Beijing and Shanghai to follow international standards, and lead other cities in practicing compulsory waste sorting.
In 2014 Shanghai introduced a number of systems related to household waste sorting and reduction, such as joint meetings and naming individuals responsible for waste collection. In 2017, the city began to put in place a system for whole-process management covering sorted waste deposits, collection, transportation and processing. In 2018, it unveiled rules about household waste sorting and a detailed three-year action plan. On July 1, 2019, the Shanghai Regulations on Household Waste Sorting came into effect, providing legal stipulations for the whole-process operation. To date, good results have been achieved, with the involvement of all sectors – Party organizations, government departments, the market and the general public.
Waste sorting requires science-based management, long-term mechanisms and good habits. Shanghai's experience is that there must be top-level design, support mechanisms, and complete standards and rules to follow. Legislation, government promotion, public participation, coordination among urban and rural areas, and applicable measures all play their roles in this whole process.
上海生活垃圾分類(lèi)全程體系建設(shè)
隨著中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展，人民生活水平不斷提高，“垃圾圍城”成為全國(guó)大中型城市發(fā)展中的一個(gè)“痛點(diǎn)”。近年來(lái)，物流、餐飲行業(yè)的興起發(fā)展，使得上海市生活垃圾量面臨巨大的增長(zhǎng)壓力，并由此衍生出土地侵占、環(huán)境污染、資源浪費(fèi)等問(wèn)題。垃圾分類(lèi)作為推進(jìn)生活垃圾減量化、資源化、無(wú)害化的主要手段之一，是提升人居環(huán)境、加快生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要舉措。
上海自20世紀(jì)90年代開(kāi)始推進(jìn)生活垃圾分類(lèi)工作，先后開(kāi)展專(zhuān)項(xiàng)分類(lèi)，探索分類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、分類(lèi)管理制度。垃圾分類(lèi)既是民生“關(guān)鍵小事”，也是綠色發(fā)展大事。習(xí)近平指出，北京、上海等城市，要向國(guó)際水平看齊，率先建立生活垃圾強(qiáng)制分類(lèi)制度，為全國(guó)作出表率。2014年，《上海市促進(jìn)生活垃圾分類(lèi)減量辦法》確立了分類(lèi)減量聯(lián)席會(huì)議制度、分類(lèi)投放管理責(zé)任人制度等多項(xiàng)管理制度。2017年，上海開(kāi)始著手構(gòu)建生活垃圾分類(lèi)投放、分類(lèi)收集、分類(lèi)運(yùn)輸、分類(lèi)處理的全程分類(lèi)體系。2018年，上海發(fā)布實(shí)施方案明確地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，印發(fā)三年行動(dòng)計(jì)劃細(xì)化工作進(jìn)程，生活垃圾分類(lèi)工作正式進(jìn)入“全程分類(lèi)，整體推進(jìn)”的新階段。2019年7月1日，《上海市生活垃圾管理?xiàng)l例》正式施行，為垃圾分類(lèi)全程體系建設(shè)提供法治保障。目前，上海已基本形成“黨建引領(lǐng)、規(guī)劃先行、政府推動(dòng)、市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作、社會(huì)參與”的生活垃圾分類(lèi)工作新格局，分類(lèi)實(shí)效正在逐步提升。
推行垃圾分類(lèi)，關(guān)鍵是要加強(qiáng)科學(xué)管理、形成長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制、推動(dòng)習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成。上海生活垃圾分類(lèi)的主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就是通過(guò)完善的頂層設(shè)計(jì)、良好的制度保障、完備的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系來(lái)指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐，推動(dòng)建立生活垃圾分類(lèi)投放、分類(lèi)收集、分類(lèi)運(yùn)輸、分類(lèi)處理的全程管理體系，形成以法治為基礎(chǔ)、政府推動(dòng)、全民參與、城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌、因地制宜的垃圾分類(lèi)制度。
