Scientific Outlook on Development
After its 16th National Congress held in November 2002, the CPC, with Hu Jintao (b. 1942) as the chief representative, developed the Scientific Outlook on Development, which is people-oriented and calls for comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.
The Scientific Outlook on Development defines development as the primary task. Development is very important to the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country. It must stay committed to the central task of economic development and focus on building the economy and driving growth in order to unleash and develop the productive forces.
It is a people-centered outlook. This means that the aim and outcome of all work of the Party and the state is to serve, safeguard and promote the fundamental interests of all the people, and that the Party must respect the people's status as the principal actors of the country, give play to their creativity, protect their rights and interests, pursue prosperity for all, and promote their well-rounded development.
Comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development is the basic requirement. This means that in line with the overall plan for advancing socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Party should promote all-round economic, political, cultural and social progress, coordinate all aspects of the modernization drive, and strike a balance between the relations of production and productive forces and between the superstructure and the economic base. It must pursue sound development that promotes production, prosperity and a healthy ecosystem, build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, and ensure that the economy is well structured and delivers quality and efficient growth and that the economy grows in harmony with the population, resources and the environment, so that the Chinese people will live and work in a healthy environment and China's economy and society will develop in a sustainable way.
Conducting unified planning and taking all factors into consideration is the basic approach. This means that the Party should gain a full appreciation of the major relationships involved in building socialism with Chinese characteristics and handle them accordingly, balance urban and rural development, balance cross-regional development, balance economic and social development, ensure harmony between humanity and nature, and balance domestic development with opening to the outside world, while also taking all factors into account when handling the relationships between the central authorities and the local governments, between personal and collective interests, between interests of the part and those of the whole, and between immediate and long-term interests, so as to keep all parties motivated.
At the 17th CPC National Congress held in October 2007, the Scientific Outlook on Development was written into the Constitution of the CPC. At the 18th CPC National Congress in November 2012, the Scientific Outlook on Development, together with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Theory of Three Represents, was designated as a long-term guiding thought of the Party. At the First Session of the 13th NPC in March 2018, it was written into the Chinese Constitution and reconfirmed as the guideline in the political and social life in China.
The Scientific Outlook on Development is an important component of the system of theory on Chinese socialism. It offers in-depth answers to major questions of development. It is a systematic scientific theory that covers reform, development and stability, domestic and foreign affairs and national defense, Party matters, and running the country and the military. It is another timely update of the CPC's guiding thought and a new development of Marxism in contemporary China.
科學(xué)發(fā)展觀
2002年中共十六大以后，面對(duì)新世紀(jì)新階段世情、國(guó)情、黨情的深刻變化，以胡錦濤為主要代表的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人，堅(jiān)持解放思想、實(shí)事求是、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、求真務(wù)實(shí)，勇于推進(jìn)實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)上的理論創(chuàng)新，集中全黨智慧，堅(jiān)持和豐富鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想，形成了以人為本、全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀。
科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的第一要義是發(fā)展，即堅(jiān)持把發(fā)展作為黨執(zhí)政興國(guó)的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，牢牢扭住經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這個(gè)中心，堅(jiān)持聚精會(huì)神搞建設(shè)、一心一意謀發(fā)展，不斷解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力。科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的核心是以人為本，即始終把實(shí)現(xiàn)好、維護(hù)好、發(fā)展好最廣大人民的根本利益作為黨和國(guó)家一切工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，尊重人民主體地位，發(fā)揮人民首創(chuàng)精神，保障人民各項(xiàng)權(quán)益，走共同富裕道路，促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展，做到發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享。科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的基本要求是全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，即按照中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)總體布局，全面推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)建設(shè)，促進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)、各個(gè)方面相協(xié)調(diào)，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系與生產(chǎn)力、上層建筑與經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)相協(xié)調(diào)；堅(jiān)持生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路，建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)速度和結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量效益相統(tǒng)一、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與人口資源環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，使人民在良好生態(tài)環(huán)境中生產(chǎn)生活，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)永續(xù)發(fā)展。科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的根本方法是統(tǒng)籌兼顧，即正確認(rèn)識(shí)和妥善處理中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)中的重大關(guān)系，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展、區(qū)域發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、人與自然和諧發(fā)展、國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展和對(duì)外開放，統(tǒng)籌中央和地方關(guān)系，統(tǒng)籌個(gè)人利益和集體利益、局部利益和整體利益、當(dāng)前利益和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益，充分調(diào)動(dòng)各方面積極性。
2007年10月，中共十七大把科學(xué)發(fā)展觀寫入黨章。2012年11月，中共十八大把科學(xué)發(fā)展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想一道，確立為中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨必須長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持的指導(dǎo)思想。2018年3月，十三屆全國(guó)人大一次會(huì)議將科學(xué)發(fā)展觀載入中國(guó)憲法，確立了科學(xué)發(fā)展觀在國(guó)家政治和社會(huì)生活中的指導(dǎo)地位。
科學(xué)發(fā)展觀是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義理論體系的重要組成部分。這一重要思想深刻認(rèn)識(shí)和回答了新形勢(shì)下實(shí)現(xiàn)什么樣的發(fā)展、怎樣發(fā)展等重大問(wèn)題，形成了涵蓋改革發(fā)展穩(wěn)定、內(nèi)政外交國(guó)防、治黨治國(guó)治軍各方面的系統(tǒng)科學(xué)理論，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨在指導(dǎo)思想上的又一次與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，開辟了當(dāng)代中國(guó)馬克思主義發(fā)展新境界。
