The Great Production Campaign
The Great Production Campaign was a large-scale drive for self-reliance conducted by the troops and civilians under the CPC's leadership in the anti-Japanese base areas.
The anti-Japanese base areas ran into serious financial difficulties in 1941 due to savage attacks by the Japanese invaders, the encirclement and blockade by the KMT reactionaries, and natural disasters. To overcome the difficulties, the CPC Central Committee implemented policies to strengthen the economy and ensure the supply of goods, and called on the people to engage in self-sustaining work. Individuals from the Party, government, the army, schools, and other circles in these areas all responded to the call and joined the extensive production campaign.
In December 1942, Mao Zedong made a speech entitled "Economic and Financial Problems" to a meeting of senior officials of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. He set out the Party's general policy of "developing the economy and ensuring supplies," and called on the people and the troops to engage in the production campaign and overcome their difficulties through their own efforts.
The CPC government ran many self-support businesses, the army engaged in agriculture, industry and commerce for the purpose of supplying their own needs, and the peasants were organized in developing agricultural production. Party and government staff also joined the effort and shared hardships with the people.
The production campaign was highly successful. It enabled the CPC-led liberated areas to overcome serious material shortages and laid material foundations for ultimate victory. At the same time, it helped cement the relationships between the people and the Party, the government and the armed forces. It also nurtured the Yan'an spirit of self-reliance and hard work, trained a number of officials in economic development, and gave the CPC some experience in running an economy.
大生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)
大生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，是指抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)抗日根據(jù)地軍民開展的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)自救運(yùn)動(dòng)。
1941年，由于日軍的瘋狂進(jìn)攻和國(guó)民黨頑固派的包圍封鎖，以及自然災(zāi)害的侵襲，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的抗日根據(jù)地的財(cái)政、經(jīng)濟(jì)遭遇了極為嚴(yán)重的困難。為克服經(jīng)濟(jì)上的嚴(yán)重困難，中共中央再次強(qiáng)調(diào)走生產(chǎn)自救的道路。各抗日根據(jù)地的黨政軍學(xué)人員和人民群眾響應(yīng)號(hào)召，掀起了大規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。1942年12月，毛澤東在陜甘寧邊區(qū)高級(jí)干部會(huì)議上作《經(jīng)濟(jì)問題和財(cái)政問題》的報(bào)告，闡明了經(jīng)濟(jì)工作和財(cái)政工作的總方針是“發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、保障供給”，號(hào)召解放區(qū)軍民切實(shí)開展大生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，自力更生，克服困難。
軍隊(duì)、政府機(jī)關(guān)和學(xué)校發(fā)展自給經(jīng)濟(jì)，是大生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)中的一個(gè)創(chuàng)造。抗日民主政府辦了許多自給工業(yè)，軍隊(duì)發(fā)展了以自給為目標(biāo)的農(nóng)業(yè)和部分工商業(yè)，農(nóng)民廣泛組織起來發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。各級(jí)黨政干部也都積極投入大生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，和群眾同甘共苦。
大生產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的蓬勃開展，使中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的解放區(qū)克服了嚴(yán)重的物質(zhì)困難，為爭(zhēng)取抗戰(zhàn)勝利奠定了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)密切了黨政軍民關(guān)系，樹立了自力更生、艱苦奮斗的延安精神，積累了一些經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，培養(yǎng)了一批經(jīng)濟(jì)工作干部。
