The First Five-Year Plan
This was China's first Five-year Plan on economic and social development, carried out from 1953 to 1957. The Central Financial and Economic Commission began drafting the plan in the spring of 1951; the work lasted four years with the text being revised five times. The plan was adopted at the Second Session of the First NPC held in July 1955.
The First Five-year Plan entailed: a major effort to develop heavy industry and lay an initial foundation for industrialization and for modernizing national defense; developing communications and transportation services, light industry, agriculture and commerce as required; training the personnel needed by the new state; gradually establishing cooperatives for agriculture and handicraft industry; continuing the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce; ensuring a steady increase in the share of socialist sectors in the national economy; and ensuring a gradual improvement in the people's material and cultural life on the basis of expanding economic activity.
The basic tasks for the plan included: building a number of new industrial sectors on a large scale and with advanced technology, while using modern, advanced technology to expand and transform existing industrial sectors; making rational use of and rebuilding the existing industrial foundations in Northeast China and in Shanghai and other coastal cities, while beginning to create hinterland industrial bases.
The First Five-year Plan was completed by the end of 1957, with most of the targets being met or exceeded. There was the biggest increase in the scale and quality of industrialization in China's history. China made a giant step forward with its industrial capacity and technical level. These outstanding achievements laid a solid foundation for future industrialization, particularly in terms of human and technological resources.
第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃
第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃，是中國從1953年到1957年發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的計(jì)劃。1951年春，中央財(cái)經(jīng)委員會(huì)著手試編第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃，歷時(shí)4年，五易其稿。1955年7月，一屆全國人大二次會(huì)議正式審議并通過。
“一五”計(jì)劃的指導(dǎo)方針是：集中主要力量發(fā)展重工業(yè)，建立國家工業(yè)化和國防現(xiàn)代化的初步基礎(chǔ)；相應(yīng)地發(fā)展交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)、輕工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和商業(yè)；相應(yīng)地培養(yǎng)建設(shè)人才；有步驟地促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)的合作化；繼續(xù)進(jìn)行對資本主義工商業(yè)的改造；保證國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中社會(huì)主義成分的比重穩(wěn)步增長，同時(shí)正確地發(fā)揮個(gè)體農(nóng)業(yè)、手工業(yè)和資本主義工商業(yè)的作用；保證在發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上逐步提高人民物質(zhì)生活和文化生活水平。
“一五”計(jì)劃的基本任務(wù)是：五年中將新建一批規(guī)模巨大、技術(shù)先進(jìn)的新興工業(yè)部門，同時(shí)要用現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)技術(shù)擴(kuò)大和改造原有的工業(yè)部門；要合理利用和改建東北、上海和其他沿海地區(qū)城市已有的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)要開始在內(nèi)地建設(shè)一批新的工業(yè)基地。
經(jīng)過全黨和全國人民五年的艱苦奮斗，到1957年年底，第一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)大幅度地超額完成，形成中國近代以來引進(jìn)規(guī)模最大、效果最好、作用最大的工業(yè)化浪潮。中國的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)能力和技術(shù)水平前進(jìn)了一大步，取得了令人矚目的成就，為后來的工業(yè)化奠定了基礎(chǔ)，特別是人力資源和技術(shù)資源的基礎(chǔ)。
