"One Country, Two Systems"
"One country, two systems" is a basic policy devised by the Chinese government for realizing peaceful reunification of the country. Under the "one country, two systems" framework, there is but one China, and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are inseparable parts of the People's Republic of China, but they will retain their existing economic system for a prolonged period of time as special administrative regions, while the rest of China implements a socialist system. Internationally, however, the PRC alone represents China.
This is a creative concept based on China's history and current realities, designed to achieve national reunification through peaceful means.
During his visit to the US in early 1979, Deng Xiaoping said that solving the Taiwan question was an internal matter for China. He indicated that the slogan "to liberate Taiwan" had been abandoned and said that if China could be reunited, the central government would respect the current reality and system practiced in Taiwan.
In January 1982, Deng put forward the idea of "one country, two systems," and this policy was written into the Chinese Constitution as amended at the Fifth Session of the Fifth NPC held in February.
Following diplomatic negotiations, in December 1984 the governments of China and Britain signed a joint declaration on the question of Hong Kong, and in April 1987 the governments of China and Portugal signed a joint declaration on the question of Macao. In line with the "one country, two systems" policy, the Chinese government resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997 and Macao on December 20, 1999. Hong Kong and Macao were again included in the national governance system and began to develop together with other parts of the country. They will remain part of the motherland. The practice of "one country, two systems" in both regions has been a resounding success and created a model for the solution of the Taiwan question.
In his report to the 19th CPC National Congress in October 2017, Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of following the policy of "one country, two systems" to promote national reunification. He said that resolving the Taiwan question to realize China's complete reunification is the shared aspiration of all Chinese people, and is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation.
Peaceful reunification and "one country, two systems" are the fundamental means to solve the Taiwan question, and also the best way to achieve national reunification. The CPC and the Chinese government will strive for peaceful reunification with the greatest sincerity.
"One country, two systems" is a creation of Chinese socialism, a strategy never tried before in history. It offers the international community a new approach to addressing similar issues, and is a contribution to world peace and development on the part of China.
“一國兩制”
“一國兩制”，即“一個國家，兩種制度”，是中國政府為實現(xiàn)國家和平統(tǒng)一而提出的基本國策。“一國兩制”的基本內(nèi)容是：在一個中國的前提下，國家的主體堅持社會主義制度，香港、澳門、臺灣是中華人民共和國不可分割的部分，它們作為特別行政區(qū)保持原有的資本主義制度長期不變。在國際上代表中國的，只能是中華人民共和國。
中共十一屆三中全會后，以鄧小平同志為主要代表的中國共產(chǎn)黨人從歷史和現(xiàn)實出發(fā)，創(chuàng)造性地提出了“一國兩制”的偉大構(gòu)想，開辟了以和平方式實現(xiàn)祖國統(tǒng)一的新途徑。1979年年初，鄧小平在應(yīng)邀訪美期間指出，用什么方式解決臺灣問題是中國內(nèi)政，我們不再用“解放臺灣”這個提法，如果兩岸能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)統(tǒng)一，我們將尊重那里的現(xiàn)實和制度。1982年1月，鄧小平首次明確提出了“一國兩制”的概念。同年2月，五屆全國人大五次會議通過《中華人民共和國憲法》，及時將這一重大方針政策確定下來。通過外交談判，中國政府與英國政府于1984年12月簽署《關(guān)于香港問題的聯(lián)合聲明》，與葡萄牙政府于1987年4月簽署《關(guān)于澳門問題的聯(lián)合聲明》。按照“一國兩制”方針，中國政府先后于1997年7月1日和1999年12月20日對香港和澳門恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)。香港、澳門回歸祖國后，重新納入國家治理體系，走上同祖國共同發(fā)展、永不分離的寬廣道路。“一國兩制”實踐取得了舉世公認(rèn)的成功，為解決臺灣問題樹立了光輝典范。
2017年10月，習(xí)近平在中共十九大報告中強(qiáng)調(diào)，堅持“一國兩制”，推進(jìn)祖國統(tǒng)一。解決臺灣問題、實現(xiàn)祖國完全統(tǒng)一，是全體中華兒女共同愿望，是中華民族根本利益所在。“和平統(tǒng)一、一國兩制”是解決臺灣問題的基本方針，也是實現(xiàn)國家統(tǒng)一的最佳方式。中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府將以最大誠意、盡最大努力爭取和平統(tǒng)一的前景。
“一國兩制”是中國特色社會主義的一個偉大創(chuàng)舉，是一項前無古人的開創(chuàng)性事業(yè)，是中國為國際社會解決類似問題提供的一個新思路新方案，是中華民族為世界和平與發(fā)展作出的新貢獻(xiàn)，凝結(jié)了海納百川、有容乃大的中國智慧。
