The Development and Opening Up of Pudong
Based on observations and analysis of the volatile international situation and ongoing domestic reform in the 1990s, the CPC Central Committee decided to take the Pudong area of Shanghai as a pilot to push forward reform and opening up.
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council announced a decision on April 18, 1990 on the development and opening up of Pudong, an area by the Huangpu River that runs through Shanghai. In a follow-up move, the CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee and the Shanghai Municipal Government unveiled guidelines for implementing the Pudong development project to revitalize Shanghai, benefit the country, and embrace the world. The Pudong project soon emerged as a "reform template," well-known at home and recognized abroad. In early 1991, Deng Xiaoping urged Zhu Rongji, then mayor of Shanghai and secretary of the CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee, to "be fully committed to Pudong's development and to the project's completion."
At its 14th National Congress in October 1992, the CPC released a plan to open more cities along the Yangtze River, with Pudong's development spearheading the initiative, and to build Shanghai into an international economic, financial and trade hub to boost the economic takeoff of the Yangtze River Delta and the entire Yangtze River Valley.
The subsequent 15th and 16th CPC national congresses both set further requirements for Pudong in opening up and innovation. In June 2005, the Pudong New Area was designated as a pilot area in a national comprehensive reform strategy. In 2007, the Party's 17th National Congress set higher goals for Pudong. In April 2009, the Nanhui administrative district was merged into the Pudong New Area.
This new area has new goals as China enters a new era of development. The central leadership has entrusted it with strategic tasks such as building China's first pilot free trade zone and first comprehensive national science center. Today, in an area that is only 1/8,000 of the country's land territory, Pudong produces 1/80 of China's GDP and handles 1/15 of its goods imports and exports.
Over the past 30 years, Pudong has maintained its leadership in reform and opening up. It saw the creation of China's first financial and trade zone, first bonded zone, first pilot free trade zone, Lin-gang Special Area, and first foreign-funded trade firm. It is Shanghai's center for international economy, finance, trade, shipments, and scientific and technological innovation. It has evolved from a farming area into a modern urban district with a complete range of functions and advanced facilities. It has taken an economic leap forward and brought overall improvement to local residents' lives. This demonstrates the strength of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and is a perfect example of China's reform, opening up and socialist modernization in practice.
浦東開發(fā)開放
20世紀(jì)90年代，國際形勢(shì)風(fēng)云變幻，國內(nèi)改革風(fēng)起云涌，中共中央全面研判國際國內(nèi)大勢(shì)，統(tǒng)籌把握改革發(fā)展大局，作出了開發(fā)開放上海浦東的重大決策，掀起了中國改革開放向縱深推進(jìn)的嶄新篇章。
1990年4月18日，中共中央、國務(wù)院正式宣布開發(fā)開放浦東。隨后，上海市委、市政府按照中央的戰(zhàn)略部署，制定了“開發(fā)浦東、振興上海、服務(wù)全國、面向世界”的開發(fā)方針，浦東開始成為享譽(yù)國際的中國“改革樣本”。1991年年初，鄧小平囑咐時(shí)任上海市委書記、市長朱镕基等人，“抓緊浦東開發(fā)，不要?jiǎng)訐u，一直到建成”。1992年10月，中共十四大強(qiáng)調(diào)，以上海浦東開發(fā)開放為龍頭，進(jìn)一步開放長江沿岸城市，盡快把上海建成國際經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融、貿(mào)易中心之一，帶動(dòng)長江三角洲和整個(gè)長江流域地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的新飛躍。中共十五大、十六大都要求浦東在擴(kuò)大開放、自主創(chuàng)新等方面走在前列。2005年6月，浦東新區(qū)獲批成為國家綜合配套改革試點(diǎn)，標(biāo)志著浦東改革開放進(jìn)入了新階段。中共十七大進(jìn)一步提出要更好發(fā)揮浦東新區(qū)的重要作用。2009年4月，原上海市南匯區(qū)行政區(qū)域獲批劃入浦東新區(qū)。
進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，中共十八大、十九大繼續(xù)對(duì)浦東開發(fā)開放提出明確要求。中共中央把首個(gè)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)、首批綜合性國家科學(xué)中心等一系列國家戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)放在浦東，推動(dòng)浦東開發(fā)開放不斷展現(xiàn)新氣象。如今，浦東以全國1/8000的面積創(chuàng)造了全國1/80的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值、1/15的貨物進(jìn)出口總額。
浦東開發(fā)開放30多年來，改革開放走在全國前列，誕生了第一個(gè)金融貿(mào)易區(qū)、第一個(gè)保稅區(qū)、第一個(gè)自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)及臨港新片區(qū)、第一家外商獨(dú)資貿(mào)易公司等一系列“全國第一”，承載了上海國際經(jīng)濟(jì)中心、金融中心、貿(mào)易中心、航運(yùn)中心、科技創(chuàng)新中心建設(shè)的重要功能。浦東已經(jīng)從過去以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的區(qū)域，變成了一座功能集聚、要素齊全、設(shè)施先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代化新城，經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展，人民生活水平整體性躍升。浦東開發(fā)開放取得的顯著成就，為中國特色社會(huì)主義制度優(yōu)勢(shì)提供了最鮮活的現(xiàn)實(shí)明證，為改革開放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供了最生動(dòng)的實(shí)踐寫照。
