The Strategy for Rural Revitalization
The three rural issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and the wellbeing of farmers are fundamental to China as they directly concern the country's stability and the people's livelihood. China cannot achieve full modernization without modernization of its agriculture and rural areas.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the CPC Central Committee has continued to step up its support for rural communities, and raised these three key issues to the top of its agenda. The first documents issued by the central leadership in every calendar year since 2003 have all had a rural focus. Plans for integrated urban-rural development were proposed in the reports to the 17th and 18th CPC national congresses, providing an important boost to agricultural development and farmers' incomes.
Notwithstanding, the urban-rural imbalance remains the most serious imbalance, and rural development remains the most serious development challenge. A rural revitalization strategy was thus unveiled in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress as one of the seven strategies for reaching the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
In January 2018, the central authorities released a document on the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, outlining the specific goals as making substantial progress by 2020, with a framework of institutions and policies in place; making decisive progress by 2035, with basic modernization of agriculture and rural areas attained; and achieving rural revitalization in all respects by 2050, with a strong agriculture, a beautiful countryside, and prosperity for the farmers.
The strategy emphasizes the importance of rural development, including the need to develop rural businesses, create a pleasant living environment, promote civility and effective governance, and improve the living standards of rural residents. To this end, enabling mechanisms and policies are needed to promote integrated urban-rural development, and speed up agricultural and rural modernization.
The key to rural revitalization is developing rural businesses.
The strategy calls for in-depth rural reform to improve the rural economic structure. Especially important is rural land tenure reform, aimed at separating ownership rights, contracting rights, and management rights. Rural land contracting practices will remain unchanged, and existing contracts will be extended for another 30 years upon expiration. Reform of the rural collective ownership system will proceed to safeguard property rights of rural residents, and strengthen the collective economy.
It is critical to always have control over China's food supply so as to ensure its food security. Mechanisms will be established to encourage the development of modern rural businesses, promote agricultural production and best practices in management, and provide support and protection for agriculture. It is also important to encourage the development of various types of economies of scale, modernize the rural structure, improve specialized agricultural services, and better integrate smallholder farming with modern agriculture.
Rural revitalization would not materialize without the support of science and technology or without effective talent management. Integrated development of industry, agriculture, and the service sector is essential in rural areas. China will support and encourage employment creation and entrepreneurship, and promote more income-generating efforts. It is important to strengthen basic services in rural communities and enhance rural governance by improving self-governance mechanisms and promoting the rule of law and ethical standards. It is also important to build a team of rural development professionals well-versed in agricultural science who have an affinity with rural areas and the people there.
鄉村振興戰略
農業農村農民（即“三農”）問題是關系國計民生的根本性問題。沒有農業農村的現代化，就沒有國家的現代化。21世紀以來，中共中央持續加大對農村的扶持力度，堅持把“三農”問題作為工作的重中之重。從2003年起，連續17年中央一號文件均聚焦于“三農”問題。中共十七大和十八大也分別提出城鄉統籌和城鄉一體化的發展思路，就是為了推動農村發展、增加農民收入。
當前，中國最大的發展不平衡，仍然是城鄉發展不平衡；最大的發展不充分，仍然是農村發展不充分。2017年10月，中共十九大報告首次提出實施鄉村振興戰略，并將其確定為決勝全面建成小康社會需要堅定實施的七大戰略之一。2018年1月，中共中央、國務院印發《關于實施鄉村振興戰略的意見》，提出鄉村振興的戰略目標，即到2020年，鄉村振興取得重要進展，制度框架和政策體系基本形成；到2035年，鄉村振興取得決定性進展，農業農村現代化基本實現；到2050年，鄉村全面振興，農業強、農村美、農民富全面實現。
鄉村振興戰略強調，堅持農業農村優先發展，按照產業興旺、生態宜居、鄉風文明、治理有效、生活富裕的總要求，建立健全城鄉融合發展體制機制和政策體系，加快推進農業農村現代化。
鄉村振興的關鍵和重點是產業振興。實施鄉村振興戰略需要全面深化農村改革，鞏固和完善農村基本經營制度，深化農村土地制度改革，完善承包地“三權”分置制度；保持土地承包關系穩定并長久不變，第二輪土地承包到期后再延長30年；深化農村集體產權制度改革，保障農民財產權益，壯大集體經濟；確保國家糧食安全，把中國人的飯碗牢牢端在自己手中；構建現代農業產業體系、生產體系、經營體系，完善農業支持保護制度，發展多種形式適度規模經營，培育新型農業經營主體，健全農業社會化服務體系，實現小農戶和現代農業發展有機銜接。實施鄉村振興戰略還要有強大的科技和人才支撐，為此需促進農村一二三產業融合發展，支持和鼓勵農民就業創業，拓寬增收渠道；加強農村基層基礎工作，健全自治、法治、德治相結合的鄉村治理體系；培養造就一支懂農業、愛農村、愛農民的“三農”工作隊伍。
