The Reform of the National Supervision System
Reform of the national supervision system is an important measure of political reform cutting across all institutions. It will help improve the Party's self-governance. As reform progresses, a national system of efficient and authoritative supervision exercised by anti-corruption bodies under the CPC's leadership will be established, to cover everyone working in the public sector who exercises public power.
At its sixth plenary session in January 2016, the 18th CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection emphasized the need for top-down design of the supervision system to exercise scrutiny of the Party itself and the state organs. The Regulations of the Communist Party of China on Internal Scrutiny were passed at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in October of the same year, to improve and extend internal scrutiny to all Party members.
This was followed by pilot reform projects introduced in Beijing, Shanxi and Zhejiang to explore the feasibility of establishing supervisory commissions at provincial and local levels. These institutional pilots accumulated valuable experience for rolling out the reform across the country.
The report to the 19th CPC National Congress set the requirements to further reform the national supervision system, extend trial projects throughout the country, and establish supervisory commissions at the national, provincial, prefectural, and county levels, which would work together with the Party's disciplinary inspection commissions as one office while keeping their own identity. This would ensure that supervision covers everyone working in the public sector who exercises public power. A national supervision law would be formulated. Supervisory commissions would be given responsibilities, powers, and means of investigation in accordance with the law. The practice of shuanggui (a form of intra-Party disciplinary action that requires a Party member under investigation to cooperate with questioning at a designated place and a designated time) would be replaced by detention.
A decision on expanding pilot projects on reform of the supervision system throughout the country was adopted in November 2017 by the Standing Committee of the 12th NPC.
By February 2018, supervisory commissions at the provincial, prefectural or county levels had all been established. On March 20, the Supervision Law was adopted at the First Session of the 13th NPC, and three days later, on March 23, China's National Commission of Supervision started operations.
During the reform of the national supervision system, legislation dovetailed well with decisions by the central leadership. After the CPC Central Committee set the pilot reform tasks, the NPC followed up and adopted the plans on pilot reform, so as to guarantee that major reforms have a legal basis and are an active legislative response to the needs of reform.
國家監(jiān)察體制改革
國家監(jiān)察體制改革是中國正在進行的一項事關全局的重大政治體制改革舉措，是推動全面從嚴治黨向縱深發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略舉措。深化國家監(jiān)察體制改革，依法建立中國共產黨統(tǒng)一領導的反腐敗工作機構，構建集中統(tǒng)一、權威高效的國家監(jiān)察體系，實現(xiàn)對所有行使公權力的公職人員監(jiān)察全覆蓋。
2016年1月，十八屆中央紀委六次全會首次提出，要做好監(jiān)督體系頂層設計，既加強黨的自我監(jiān)督，又加強對國家機器的監(jiān)督。同年10月，中共十八屆六中全會審議通過《中國共產黨黨內監(jiān)督條例》，進一步完善黨內監(jiān)督體系，推進黨內監(jiān)督實現(xiàn)全覆蓋。隨后，中央辦公廳印發(fā)《關于在北京市、山西省、浙江省開展國家監(jiān)察體制改革試點方案》，部署在3省市設立各級監(jiān)察委員會，從體制機制、制度建設上先行先試、探索實踐，為在全國推開積累經驗。
2017年10月，中共十九大對深化國家監(jiān)察體制改革作出重大決策，要求將試點工作在全國推開，組建國家、省、市、縣監(jiān)察委員會，同黨的紀律檢查機關合署辦公，實現(xiàn)對所有行使公權力的公職人員監(jiān)察全覆蓋；制定國家監(jiān)察法，依法賦予監(jiān)察委員會職責權限和調查手段，用留置取代“兩規(guī)”措施。同年11月4日，全國人大常委會通過在全國各地推開國家監(jiān)察體制改革試點工作的決定。
2018年2月，全國省市縣三級監(jiān)察委員會全部組建完成，深化國家監(jiān)察體制改革試點工作取得重要階段性成果；3月20日，十三屆全國人大一次會議表決通過了《中華人民共和國監(jiān)察法》；2018年3月23日，中華人民共和國國家監(jiān)察委員會正式掛牌。
在國家監(jiān)察體制改革過程中，中共中央部署改革試點任務，全國人大緊緊跟上，通過三地改革試點方案和在全國推開改革試點工作的決定草案，做到了立法和改革決策緊密銜接，使重大改革于法有據、立法主動適應改革需要。
