Administrative Framework
The China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) is the competent authority for the nuclear industry in China. It is responsible for:
□ the development and implementation of policies, regulations, programs, plans, and industry standards with regards to the nuclear industry (excluding nuclear power);
□ nuclear security and nuclear material control, nuclear facilities decommissioning and radioactive waste management, nuclear export review and management, and exchanges and cooperation with foreign governments and international organizations in the nuclear field; and
□ the assumption of a leading role in national nuclear emergency management.
The National Energy Administration (NEA) is the competent authority for nuclear power in China. It is responsible for:
□ developing laws, regulations and rules concerning nuclear power;
□ developing development plans, access conditions and technical standards for nuclear power;
□ proposing geographical distribution of nuclear power plants and reviewing major projects;
□ organizing, coordinating and guiding scientific research in the field of nuclear power; □ organizing emergency management in case of accidents at nuclear power plants; and
□ conducting exchanges and cooperation with foreign governments on issues concerning nuclear power.
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment (National Nuclear Safety Administration) (MEE/NNSA) is the regulatory body for nuclear safety in China. It is responsible for:
□ centralized supervision and monitoring of nuclear facility safety, radiation safety and protection of the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation;
□ supervision and monitoring of nuclear power plants, research reactors and critical facilities, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, radioactive waste, radioactive sources and radiation devices, nuclear material, civil nuclear safety equipment, uranium (thorium) mines and associated minerals, and the safe transportation of radioactive materials;
□ qualification management of reactor operators and personnel engaged in special processes of nuclear equipment; and
□ implementation of the international conventions on nuclear and radiation safety.
Under the direction of the State Council, other authorities also have nuclear-related responsibilities in their respective areas of focus.
政府管理體系
國家原子能機(jī)構(gòu)是中國政府的核工業(yè)主管部門，負(fù)責(zé)研究制定中國核工業(yè)（除核電外）的政策、法規(guī)、規(guī)劃、計(jì)劃和行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并組織實(shí)施；負(fù)責(zé)核安保與核材料管制、核設(shè)施退役及放射性廢物管理、核出口審查和管理、核領(lǐng)域政府間及與國際組織的交流與合作；牽頭負(fù)責(zé)國家核事故應(yīng)急管理工作。
國家能源局是中國政府的核電主管部門，負(fù)責(zé)擬定核電法律法規(guī)和規(guī)章；擬定核電發(fā)展規(guī)劃、準(zhǔn)入條件、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；提出核電布局和重大項(xiàng)目審核意見；組織協(xié)調(diào)和指導(dǎo)核電科研工作；組織核電廠的核事故應(yīng)急管理工作；核電領(lǐng)域政府間國際合作與交流。
生態(tài)環(huán)境部（國家核安全局）是中國政府的核安全監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)，負(fù)責(zé)核設(shè)施核安全、輻射安全及輻射環(huán)境保護(hù)工作的統(tǒng)一監(jiān)督管理；負(fù)責(zé)核動(dòng)力廠、研究堆與臨界裝置、核燃料循環(huán)設(shè)施、放射性廢物、放射源與射線裝置、核材料、民用核安全設(shè)備、鈾（釷）礦和伴生礦、放射性物品運(yùn)輸安全的監(jiān)督管理；負(fù)責(zé)反應(yīng)堆操縱人員、核設(shè)備特種工藝人員等人員資質(zhì)管理；負(fù)責(zé)核與輻射安全相關(guān)國際公約的履約。
按照國務(wù)院的分工，其他政府部門在各自職責(zé)范圍內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)與核相關(guān)的管理工作。
