Traditional Villages with Guizhou Characteristics
Guizhou is at the forefront of the country's endeavor to protect traditional villages. Among the 6,819 villages on the list of traditional villages in China, over one-tenth, or 724, are in Guizhou, more than any other Chinese provinces. In particular, there are 409 traditional villages in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, ranking first among Chinese cities, prefectures, and leagues.
Guizhou attaches great importance to the protection of traditional villages through legislation. It adheres to the principle of maintaining the integrity, authenticity and sustainability of traditional villages, and has devised a plan for the integration and coordination of protection and development initiatives. The Regulations of Guizhou Province on the Protection and Development of Traditional Villages, introduced in August 2017, are the first provincial regulations on the protection and development of traditional villages in China. As of April 2020, 126 digital museums of traditional villages have been launched in Guizhou, and IT means have been employed to archive the traditional buildings, ancient streets and alleys, ancient and famous trees, and folk customs of traditional villages.
Wooden structures are common in the traditional villages in Guizhou. To prevent fires, local governments have mobilized agriculture-related funds of RMB 556 million for the development of fire-fighting facilities in all the traditional villages. In 27 traditional villages, demonstration projects have been carried out on the development of electrical fire monitoring cloud platforms. Real-time monitoring is achieved with the help of information, sensing, and communications technologies so that electrical fires are effectively prevented.
Guizhou led the country in initiating the development of ecological museums. Since 1997, the Chinese government has set up ecological museums in four places of Guizhou in collaboration with Norway, including Suojia Township in Liuzhi Special District, Tang'an Dong Village in Liping County, Longli Ancient Town in Jinping County, and Zhenshan Village in Huaxi District of Guiyang City.
貴州特色傳統村落
“望得見山,看得到水,記得住鄉愁”,貴州對傳統村落的保護走在全國前列。在中國傳統村落名錄6819個村落中,貴州入圍724個,數量位居全國第一,占全國的十分之一。其中,黔東南苗族侗族自治州累計409個,居全國市(州、地、盟)第一。
貴州注重立法保護傳統村落,堅持保持傳統村落整體性、原真性和可持續性,探索出一套保護與發展融合協調的方案。2017年8月,貴州推出的《貴州省傳統村落保護和發展條例》是中國第一部傳統村落保護和發展的省級條例。截至2020年4月,貴州建成并上線運行126個傳統村落數字博物館,采取信息化手段,為傳統村落的傳統建筑、古街小巷、古樹名木、民風民俗等建檔立卡。
貴州省傳統村落多以木質結構為主。為了防火,貴州整合地方政府、消防部門涉農資金5.56億元用于傳統村落消防設施建設,實現消防基礎設施建設全覆蓋。在27個傳統村落,開展了電氣防火監控云平臺建設示范,通過互聯網信息傳感與通信等技術實現實時處理,有效預防了電氣火災的發生。
在中國,貴州首倡并實施“生態博物館”建設。自1997年起,中國政府與挪威開展合作,在貴州六枝特區梭戛鄉、黎平縣堂安侗寨、錦屏縣隆里古城、貴陽市花溪區鎮山村四個村寨建起生態博物館。
