Traditional Villages with Guizhou Characteristics
Guizhou is at the forefront of the country's endeavor to protect traditional villages. Among the 6,819 villages on the list of traditional villages in China, over one-tenth, or 724, are in Guizhou, more than any other Chinese provinces. In particular, there are 409 traditional villages in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, ranking first among Chinese cities, prefectures, and leagues.
Guizhou attaches great importance to the protection of traditional villages through legislation. It adheres to the principle of maintaining the integrity, authenticity and sustainability of traditional villages, and has devised a plan for the integration and coordination of protection and development initiatives. The Regulations of Guizhou Province on the Protection and Development of Traditional Villages, introduced in August 2017, are the first provincial regulations on the protection and development of traditional villages in China. As of April 2020, 126 digital museums of traditional villages have been launched in Guizhou, and IT means have been employed to archive the traditional buildings, ancient streets and alleys, ancient and famous trees, and folk customs of traditional villages.
Wooden structures are common in the traditional villages in Guizhou. To prevent fires, local governments have mobilized agriculture-related funds of RMB 556 million for the development of fire-fighting facilities in all the traditional villages. In 27 traditional villages, demonstration projects have been carried out on the development of electrical fire monitoring cloud platforms. Real-time monitoring is achieved with the help of information, sensing, and communications technologies so that electrical fires are effectively prevented.
Guizhou led the country in initiating the development of ecological museums. Since 1997, the Chinese government has set up ecological museums in four places of Guizhou in collaboration with Norway, including Suojia Township in Liuzhi Special District, Tang'an Dong Village in Liping County, Longli Ancient Town in Jinping County, and Zhenshan Village in Huaxi District of Guiyang City.
貴州特色傳統(tǒng)村落
“望得見(jiàn)山,看得到水,記得住鄉(xiāng)愁”,貴州對(duì)傳統(tǒng)村落的保護(hù)走在全國(guó)前列。在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落名錄6819個(gè)村落中,貴州入圍724個(gè),數(shù)量位居全國(guó)第一,占全國(guó)的十分之一。其中,黔東南苗族侗族自治州累計(jì)409個(gè),居全國(guó)市(州、地、盟)第一。
貴州注重立法保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)村落,堅(jiān)持保持傳統(tǒng)村落整體性、原真性和可持續(xù)性,探索出一套保護(hù)與發(fā)展融合協(xié)調(diào)的方案。2017年8月,貴州推出的《貴州省傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)和發(fā)展條例》是中國(guó)第一部傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)和發(fā)展的省級(jí)條例。截至2020年4月,貴州建成并上線運(yùn)行126個(gè)傳統(tǒng)村落數(shù)字博物館,采取信息化手段,為傳統(tǒng)村落的傳統(tǒng)建筑、古街小巷、古樹(shù)名木、民風(fēng)民俗等建檔立卡。
貴州省傳統(tǒng)村落多以木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)為主。為了防火,貴州整合地方政府、消防部門(mén)涉農(nóng)資金5.56億元用于傳統(tǒng)村落消防設(shè)施建設(shè),實(shí)現(xiàn)消防基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)全覆蓋。在27個(gè)傳統(tǒng)村落,開(kāi)展了電氣防火監(jiān)控云平臺(tái)建設(shè)示范,通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息傳感與通信等技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)處理,有效預(yù)防了電氣火災(zāi)的發(fā)生。
在中國(guó),貴州首倡并實(shí)施“生態(tài)博物館”建設(shè)。自1997年起,中國(guó)政府與挪威開(kāi)展合作,在貴州六枝特區(qū)梭戛鄉(xiāng)、黎平縣堂安侗寨、錦屏縣隆里古城、貴陽(yáng)市花溪區(qū)鎮(zhèn)山村四個(gè)村寨建起生態(tài)博物館。
