第三方評估機制
精準(zhǔn)扶貧以來，各地積極引入第三方評估機制全面開展各項考核。2015年，《中共中央 國務(wù)院關(guān)于打贏脫貧攻堅戰(zhàn)的決定》明確要求“建立對扶貧政策落實情況和扶貧成效的第三方評估機制”。
第三方評估是客觀評判省級黨委和政府扶貧開發(fā)工作精準(zhǔn)度、群眾滿意度的重要依據(jù)。充分發(fā)揮第三方評估的督查、巡察作用，可為科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)變扶貧工作方式，消除貧困地區(qū)體制機制障礙，增強其內(nèi)生動力與發(fā)展活力開辟有效途徑。
中共十八大以來，為了加強脫貧攻堅成效考核，中央開始實行最嚴(yán)格的考核評估制度。國務(wù)院扶貧辦2016年、2017年組織了由中國科學(xué)院牽頭的第三方評估，選派相關(guān)專家學(xué)者進村入戶，對各地貧困人口的識別精準(zhǔn)度、貧困人口退出的精準(zhǔn)度和貧困人口對幫扶工作的滿意度進行第三方評估，起到查實問題、總結(jié)經(jīng)驗、以評促改、支撐決策的作用。中科院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所還研究制定了《貧困縣脫貧退出第三方評估技術(shù)指南》，就調(diào)研流程、協(xié)調(diào)部署、應(yīng)急處理等開展專門培訓(xùn)，統(tǒng)一規(guī)范調(diào)查問卷類型、內(nèi)容、填寫、記錄、編碼、數(shù)據(jù)處理等問題，在保證各項工作的技術(shù)性、專業(yè)性、細(xì)致性的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建獨立公正的精準(zhǔn)扶貧考核機制。引入第三方評估之后，由社會專業(yè)組織作為獨立的第三方對于扶貧脫貧工作進行客觀評估，既豐富了評估的方式，也使得評估更加有效。
Third Party Evaluation
As required by the Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty, third party evaluation has been introduced to review the execution of poverty alleviation policies and the results of poverty alleviation endeavors.
Third party evaluation provides an objective reference for assessing the precision of the work done by provincial Party committees and governments, and the satisfaction of the general public. This is an effective way to improve relevant work, remove institutional obstacles, and impart vigor to poor regions.
Since 2012, the central authorities have introduced the strictest-ever system for review and evaluation of poverty elimination. The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development in 2016 and 2017 organized third party evaluation headed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Experts and academics visited poor villages and households to obtain accurate information on identifying and eliminating poverty, and on paired-up assistance. Their research helped identify problems, summarize experience, urge improvement and support decision-making.
The CAS researchers also formulated a Technical Guide to Third Party Evaluation of Poverty Elimination in Poor Counties. They conducted training on research procedures, work coordination and emergency response, and created standard questionnaires with clear rules for the content, filling, recording, coding and data processing. Based on these, an independent and fair evaluation mechanism has been built.
Inviting specialist organizations as independent third parties to evaluate poverty elimination enhances the effects of the evaluation.
