中央統籌、省負總責、市縣抓落實
脫貧攻堅戰建立了分工明確、體系嚴謹的領導責任制，為各層級、各部門參與脫貧攻堅建立了基礎性的工作機制。2015年6月，習近平要求強化扶貧開發工作領導責任制，把中央統籌、省負總責、市（地）縣抓落實的管理體制落到實處。2015年11月，《中共中央 國務院關于打贏脫貧攻堅戰的決定》要求“強化脫貧攻堅領導責任制”。2016年10月，中共中央辦公廳、國務院辦公廳印發《脫貧攻堅責任制實施辦法》。由此，脫貧攻堅“中央統籌、省負總責、市縣抓落實”的領導責任制基本形成，并在不斷完善中為打贏脫貧攻堅戰提供堅實保障。
在這一體制下，中共中央、國務院主要負責統籌制定扶貧開發大政方針，出臺重大政策舉措，規劃重大工程項目。省（自治區、直轄市）黨委和政府對扶貧開發工作負總責，需要結合省情，抓好目標確定、項目下達、資金投放、組織動員、監督考核等工作。市（地）黨委和政府的主要職責在于做好上下銜接、域內協調、督促檢查工作，把精力集中在貧困縣如期摘帽上。縣級黨委和政府承擔主體責任，書記和縣長是第一責任人，需要結合縣域實際，做好進度安排、項目落地、資金使用、人力調配、推進實施等工作。
A Mechanism of Defined Responsibilities
China has established a system of leadership with clearly defined responsibilities for officials at different levels to ensure victory over poverty.
Xi Jinping in June 2015 instructed that the system for leadership responsibilities in poverty alleviation and development be reinforced, whereby the central leadership makes overall plans, provincial authorities take overall responsibility, and city and county authorities take charge of implementation. The Decision on Winning the Battle Against Poverty, in November 2015, made a similar requirement. In October 2016, the central authorities released the Regulations on Poverty Alleviation Responsibilities, marking the formalization of the said leadership system.
Under this system, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council are responsible for formulating major principles, strategies, policies and measures, and devising major projects. The Party committees and governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities take overall responsibility for development-oriented poverty alleviation, and based on local conditions, they will set goals, assign projects, allocate funds, mobilize the public, and supervise and evaluate relevant implementation. The Party committees and governments of cities (prefectures) are responsible for coordinating the work as a major link between higher authorities and counties at lower levels in their respective jurisdictions, and scrutinizing relevant work and progress. Their primary task is to ensure their poor counties escape poverty as scheduled. The Party committees and governments of counties take on the duties as major actors in poverty alleviation, and their Party secretaries and mayors are to assume main responsibility for the work. Based on the conditions in their counties, they set the schedule, make good use of funds, coordinate labor distribution, and urge progress in relevant work and projects.
