東西部扶貧協(xié)作
東西部扶貧協(xié)作，即東部發(fā)達(dá)省市與西部貧困地區(qū)結(jié)對(duì)開展扶貧協(xié)作，是國家為實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕目標(biāo)作出的一項(xiàng)制度性安排。自1996年開始，經(jīng)過幾次調(diào)整和變動(dòng)，東西部扶貧協(xié)作已形成目前9省（市）、5個(gè)計(jì)劃單列市和4個(gè)大城市對(duì)口幫扶西部10個(gè)省（區(qū)、市）的工作格局。東西部扶貧協(xié)作形式多樣，形成了以政府援助、企業(yè)合作、社會(huì)幫扶、人才支持為主的基本工作框架。
實(shí)施東西部扶貧協(xié)作工作以來，東部發(fā)達(dá)省份與西部貧困地區(qū)在結(jié)對(duì)治理貧困的具體實(shí)踐中不斷探索扶貧方式與模式，具體有：基于企業(yè)合作層面的扶貧模式、創(chuàng)建高層溝通機(jī)制的扶貧模式、選擇貧困重點(diǎn)的扶貧模式。
其一，基于企業(yè)合作層面的東西部扶貧協(xié)作模式。指通過推動(dòng)?xùn)|西部地區(qū)的企業(yè)合作，帶動(dòng)貧困地區(qū)企業(yè)的發(fā)展，增強(qiáng)貧困地區(qū)的市場活力，提高貧困地區(qū)勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì)，解決落后地區(qū)的貧困問題。比如，山東省的14個(gè)地級(jí)市結(jié)對(duì)幫扶重慶市的14個(gè)國家扶貧開發(fā)工作重點(diǎn)縣，在企業(yè)合作的基礎(chǔ)上，爭取政府援助。同時(shí)，積極開展社會(huì)幫扶，推動(dòng)社會(huì)力量參與扶貧。
East-West Cooperation in Poverty Alleviation
This refers to the practice of pairing the developed provinces and municipalities in the east with the impoverished regions in the west. It is a policy to reduce poverty and achieve common prosperity.
After several adjustments since 1996, nine provinces (municipalities), five cities that enjoy provincial-level status in the state economic plan, and four major cities in east China have been paired with 10 provinces, autonomous regions and municipality in west China. Cooperation in diverse forms has continued, and a working framework has been built with government backing, cooperation from enterprises, social assistance, and human resources support.
Under this framework the east and the west have explored effective ways of cooperation, creating three successful models:
(1) east-west cooperation between enterprises. This drives the growth of enterprises in poor areas, increases market vigor, and improves the ability of the local workforce to fight poverty in backward areas. For instance, 14 prefecture-level cities of Shandong Province in east China have partnered with 14 key poor counties of Chongqing Municipality in west China. In addition to cooperation between enterprises, these cities in Shandong also seek government assistance and invite public participation in the poverty alleviation initiative;
(2) a high-level communication mechanism for east-west cooperation. For instance, since 1996 Fujian Province in southeast China and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwest China have held annual joint meetings to discuss the focus and principles for bilateral cooperation, and exchange information and management expertise. This interaction enhances timely communication; and
(3) east-west cooperation focusing on key areas of extreme poverty. For instance, in 2010, Beijing adjusted its assistance to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, from previously assisting eight of the latter's leagues and cities to assisting eight banners (counties and cities) in each of the Ulanqab League and Chifeng City, as these two places suffer extensive and serious poverty and an underdeveloped economy.
East-west cooperation has substantially promoted China's large-scale development of the western region, and greatly contributed to poverty reduction there. Successful experiments include:
(1) Long-term mechanisms that facilitate communication and exchanges between east and west partners;
(2) Enterprises are swift and effective in cooperation to stimulate market vigor in poor areas and develop the local economy; and
(3) Exchanges of human resources support the sustainable development of poor areas.
