“五個(gè)一批”
習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)，解決好“怎么扶”的問(wèn)題，需要按照貧困地區(qū)和貧困人口的具體情況，實(shí)施“五個(gè)一批”工程。一是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)脫貧一批：引導(dǎo)和支持所有有勞動(dòng)能力的人立足當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源，實(shí)現(xiàn)就地脫貧，依靠自己的雙手開(kāi)創(chuàng)美好明天。二是易地搬遷脫貧一批：貧困人口很難實(shí)現(xiàn)就地脫貧的要實(shí)施易地搬遷，按規(guī)劃、分年度、有計(jì)劃組織實(shí)施，確保搬得出、穩(wěn)得住、能致富。三是生態(tài)補(bǔ)償脫貧一批：加大貧困地區(qū)生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)力度，增加重點(diǎn)生態(tài)功能區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移支付，擴(kuò)大政策實(shí)施范圍，讓有勞動(dòng)能力的貧困人口就地轉(zhuǎn)成護(hù)林員等生態(tài)保護(hù)人員。四是發(fā)展教育脫貧一批：治貧先治愚，扶貧先扶智，國(guó)家教育經(jīng)費(fèi)要繼續(xù)向貧困地區(qū)傾斜、向基礎(chǔ)教育傾斜、向職業(yè)教育傾斜，幫助貧困地區(qū)改善辦學(xué)條件，對(duì)農(nóng)村貧困家庭幼兒特別是留守兒童給予特殊關(guān)愛(ài)。五是社會(huì)保障兜底一批：對(duì)貧困人口中完全或部分喪失勞動(dòng)能力的人，由社會(huì)保障來(lái)兜底，統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)農(nóng)村扶貧標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和農(nóng)村低保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加大其他形式的社會(huì)救助力度；通過(guò)加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療救助，使新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療和大病保險(xiǎn)政策對(duì)貧困人口傾斜；同時(shí)，也應(yīng)高度重視革命老區(qū)脫貧攻堅(jiān)工作。
“五個(gè)一批”的減貧思想，為具有差異的貧困人群提供了不同的發(fā)展模式，避免了單一減貧手段在面對(duì)不同貧困群體時(shí)的局限性。通過(guò)精準(zhǔn)施策、精準(zhǔn)扶貧，既充分滿足了基本需求，又為貧困人口福利水平的提升營(yíng)造了發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。
Five Measures for Poverty Elimination
Regarding the question of “how to help,” Xi Jinping has proposed five measures to be taken according to the specific conditions of poverty-stricken areas and impoverished populations:
(1) Boosting the economy to create more jobs for the disadvantaged. All those with the ability to work should be guided and encouraged to work for a better future with their own hands and rely on local resources to end poverty;
(2) Relocating those living under adverse natural conditions. Those who cannot escape poverty locally can be relocated in a planned and organized way. Efforts are needed to ensure smooth relocation and settlement, and ensure those involved have the means to better themselves;
(3) Providing eco-jobs for the poor. China has strengthened eco-environmental restoration and protection in impoverished areas, increased transfer payments in important ecological areas, expanded the scope of those eligible for preferential policies, and granted poor people with the ability to work the opportunity to serve as forest rangers or do other eco-work;
(4) Improving education in poor areas. The best way to help the poor is to raise their educational level. National education funds will continue to be weighted toward poverty-stricken areas, for basic education and vocational education. The education services in impoverished areas will be improved, and due attention be given to young children from impoverished rural households, especially “l(fā)eft-behind” children who stay in rural areas while their parents are away working as migrant workers; and
(5) Improving social security for poverty alleviation. Among the poverty-stricken population, those who have completely or partially lost the ability to work will be guaranteed social security. The standard of rural poverty alleviation allowance and that of rural subsistence allowance will be readjusted, and other forms of social aid be provided. Medical insurance and medical aid will be increased for poverty relief, and the rural poor will be covered by the new rural cooperative medical insurance and the serious illness insurance. More poverty relief efforts will be made to support the old revolutionary base areas of the CPC before the founding of the PRC.
These five measures offer different models of development for disadvantaged people living under different conditions on the one hand, and overcome the limitations any single method may have on the other. While satisfying the people’s basic needs, they also offer opportunities of better quality of life.
