貧困戶
貧困戶可簡單理解為需要扶貧的家庭。然而，由于權力、信息等多種因素的影響，如何識別和確定貧困戶成為有效減貧的前提條件。中共十八大以來，以精準扶貧為基本方略，中國的貧困戶識別體制機制有了巨大的創新，達到了極高的貧困識別率，為脫貧攻堅奠定了重要基礎。2014年國務院印發的《扶貧開發建檔立卡工作方案》指出，貧困戶識別要以農戶收入為基本依據，綜合考慮住房、教育、健康等情況，通過農戶申請、民主評議、公示公告和逐級審核的方式，整戶識別。由于農戶收入精準測算比較困難，各地在自下而上的貧困識別上也探索了一些創新做法。如貴州省威寧縣迤那鎮五星村精準識別“四看工作法”，即“一看房，二看糧，三看勞動能力強不強，四看家中有沒有讀書郎”。每“一看”都有子指標并賦予相應分值。在民主評議中，由村民代表對申請農戶按照“四看”法進行打分，再根據農戶分值情況，從高往低排序識別出貧困農戶。
Poor Households
Poor households are those that need assistance to get rid of poverty. To identify and determine which households are poor is a precondition for effective poverty reduction.
Since 2012, China has followed the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and established a mechanism to identify poor households, thus laying a good foundation for poverty elimination.
According to the Plan for Poverty Alleviation Registration, issued by the State Council in 2014, the designation is based on household income, with due consideration given to housing, education and health conditions. Individual household applications will go through democratic appraisal, public notice and review by the authorities at each higher level, before a final ruling is made.
Since it is not easy to calculate the accurate income of individual households, different localities have created their own mechanisms to determine the true conditions. In Wuxing Village in Weining County, Guizhou Province, for example, the financial conditions of the household applicants are decided based on their housing and grain output, their ability to work, and whether they have school-age children. The villager representatives will rate these four items in a democratic appraisal, and the final scores are listed from the highest down so that the poorest households can be easily identified.
