“直過民族”
“直過民族”是對(duì)生活在中國境內(nèi)，在新中國成立前仍處于原始社會(huì)或奴隸社會(huì)，新中國成立后跨越幾種社會(huì)形態(tài)，直接過渡到社會(huì)主義社會(huì)的少數(shù)民族的統(tǒng)稱。“直過民族”是中國56個(gè)民族中的特殊成員，他們幾乎“一夜之間”跨越了其他民族上千年的歷程。
“直過民族”在不斷跨越的進(jìn)程中，其原始落后的面貌得到了巨大的改變，社會(huì)發(fā)展水平大幅度提高，生產(chǎn)方式、文化習(xí)俗、生活觀念等也經(jīng)歷了激烈的碰撞和變革。同時(shí)，“直過民族”的歷史局限性導(dǎo)致其在一定程度上對(duì)直接過渡和改革開放還不適應(yīng)，這種不適應(yīng)性在全面建成小康社會(huì)的過程中正逐漸得到緩解，但仍然是制約“直過民族”脫貧攻堅(jiān)的最大因素。
"Ethnic Groups with Cross-Stage Development"
"Ethnic groups with cross-stage development" refer to the minority ethnic groups that remained in a primitive or slave society before 1949 and developed directly into a socialist society after the establishment of the People's Republic. Almost overnight, they crossed many historic stages and traveled a journey that might have taken other ethnic groups centuries.
During their leapfrog development, these ethnic groups have seen a significant transformation in their primitive conditions, significant enhancements to their social development, and dramatic changes in their working conditions, culture, customs and values. But their historic limitations have also prevented them from adapting to the direct transformation and to reform and opening up. This is the biggest obstacle to their poverty elimination, despite some progress during China's nationwide advance toward moderate prosperity.
