深度貧困地區(qū)
作為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展不充分、不均衡的產(chǎn)物，貧困問題本身亦存在貧困程度的差異，而深度貧困地區(qū)則是貧困地區(qū)中貧困程度深重，脫貧難度較大的區(qū)域。習(xí)近平指出，脫貧攻堅(jiān)本來就是一場硬仗，而深度貧困地區(qū)脫貧攻堅(jiān)是這場硬仗中的硬仗。
深度貧困地區(qū)主要是指以下三類地區(qū)：一是連片的深度貧困地區(qū)，如西藏和四省藏區(qū)、南疆四地州、四川涼山、云南怒江、甘肅臨夏等地區(qū)，生存環(huán)境惡劣，致貧原因復(fù)雜，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)缺口大，貧困發(fā)生率普遍在20%左右。二是深度貧困縣，據(jù)國務(wù)院扶貧辦對全國最困難的20%的貧困縣所做的分析，貧困發(fā)生率平均在23%，縣均貧困人口近3萬人，分布在14個(gè)省區(qū)。三是貧困村，全國12.8萬個(gè)建檔立卡貧困村居住著60%的貧困人口，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公共服務(wù)嚴(yán)重滯后，村兩委班子能力普遍不強(qiáng)，四分之三的村無合作經(jīng)濟(jì)組織，三分之二的村無集體經(jīng)濟(jì)，無人管事、無人干事、無錢辦事現(xiàn)象突出。
Severely Impoverished Areas
As a result of inadequate and unbalanced economic and socialdevelopment, different areas in China face different levels of poverty. Severely impoverished areas are areas with extreme poverty and are the most difficult places to eliminate poverty. In the words of Xi Jinping, the fight against poverty is itself a tough one, and the fight in the severely impoverished areas is the toughest of all.
The severely impoverished areas in China include the following:
(1) Contiguous areas of extreme poverty: Tibet, the Tibetan ethnic areasin Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, the four prefectures in southern Xinjiang (Hotan, Aksu, Kashi and the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture), and the three prefectures (Liangshan in Sichuan, Nujiang in Yunnan and Linxia in Gansu). These places suffer extremely poor living conditions; there are complex causes of poverty and a great shortage of infrastructure and public services, and the poverty headcount ratio remains at 20 percent;
(2) Counties suffering extreme poverty: According to an analysis of 20 percent of China’s poorest counties conducted by the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development, these counties are scattered across 14 provinces and autonomous regions, and have an average poverty headcount ratio of 23 percent, each with an average of nearly 30,000 impoverished people; and
(3) Poor villages: There are 128,000 poor villages, where live 60 percent of China’s poor population. Their infrastructure and public services lag far behind, and their Party branches and villagers’ committees are very weak. Three quarters of these villages have no cooperatives and two-thirds have no collective economy. No one is responsible for village affairs, no one takes the initiative to do poverty alleviation work, and the villages have no money for projects.
