Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
The idea of creating a new multilateral bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), was first evoked by Xi Jinping in October 2013. After more than 800 days of combined preparatory efforts by 57 countries, the AIIB was formally established on December 25, 2015 in Beijing. The bank held its opening ceremony on January 16, 2016.
The AIIB is a regional inter-governmental development institution which focuses on supporting infrastructure development. It is the first multinational financial institution proposed by China. On December 20, 2018, the 73rd UN General Assembly granted permanent observer status to the AIIB. C?te d'Ivoire, Guinea, Tunisia, Uruguay, Benin, Djibouti and Rwanda were accepted as new members of the AIIB between April and July 2019, when its total membership thus reached 100 – second only to that of the World Bank – including most UN Security Council permanent members and G20 members and covering the areas with 78 percent of the world's population and 63 percent of global GDP.
As a multilateral development bank, the AIIB operates according to its own business standards. All participating countries of the Belt and Road Initiative can obtain loans, provided that their projects are (a) financially viable, (b) environmentally friendly, and (c) supported by local communities.
The bank is initially investing in energy and electricity, transportation, telecommunications, rural and agricultural infrastructure, water supply and sewerage, environmental protection, urban development, and logistics. By July 2019, the AIIB had approved 46 projects of loans or investment of 18 countries, reaching US$8.48 billion in total.
亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行
2013年10月，習(xí)近平提出了籌建亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行（簡(jiǎn)稱亞投行）的倡議。2015年12月25日，在歷經(jīng)800余天的籌備后，由中國(guó)倡議成立、57國(guó)共同籌建的亞投行在北京成立。2016年1月16日，亞投行舉行了開業(yè)儀式。亞投行是首個(gè)由中國(guó)倡議設(shè)立的政府間區(qū)域性多邊金融開發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)支持基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。2018年12月20日，第七十三屆聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)全會(huì)協(xié)商一致通過決議，給予亞投行聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)永久觀察員地位。2019年4月至7月間，亞投行理事會(huì)先后批準(zhǔn)科特迪瓦、幾內(nèi)亞、突尼斯、烏拉圭、貝寧、吉布提和盧旺達(dá)為新一批成員。至此，亞投行成員總數(shù)達(dá)到100個(gè)，數(shù)量?jī)H次于世界銀行，涵蓋了聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)常任理事國(guó)和二十國(guó)集團(tuán)中的絕大多數(shù)成員國(guó)，覆蓋全球78%的人口，占全球GDP的63%。亞投行作為多邊開發(fā)銀行有其單獨(dú)的業(yè)務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，“一帶一路”共建國(guó)家都可以獲得亞投行的貸款，但必須滿足三個(gè)條件：一是金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展，二是項(xiàng)目要環(huán)保，三是項(xiàng)目要受到該地區(qū)民眾的歡迎。亞投行初期投資重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域包括能源與電力、交通和電信、農(nóng)村和農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、供水與污水處理、環(huán)境保護(hù)、城市發(fā)展以及物流等。截至2019年7 月，亞投行已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了18個(gè)國(guó)家的46個(gè)貸款或投資項(xiàng)目，總額達(dá)到84.8億美元。
