Shanghai Cooperation Organization
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an inter-governmental organization comprising China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan founded in Shanghai on June 15, 2001.
The SCO's mission is to build friendship and trust among member states, encourage effective cooperation in political, economic, trade, cultural and other areas, safeguard regional peace and stability, and promote a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational.
Between themselves the SCO members have developed the "Shanghai Spirit," which is based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for cultural diversity, and pursuit of common prosperity. Externally they follow the principle of openness and non-alignment, and their strategies and policies are not directed against any third party or any other region.
The top decision-making body of the SCO is the Council of Heads of State, which meets once a year to decide on major issues. Its Council of Heads of Government also meets once a year to discuss priorities and issues of multilateral cooperation. Its two permanent bodies are: the Secretariat in Beijing (China) and the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure in Tashkent (Uzbekistan).
Six states have observer status with the SCO: Afghanistan, Belarus, India, Iran, Mongolia and Pakistan; and there are six dialogue partners: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Turkey.
The Council of Heads of State held its 18th meeting in China's Qingdao on June 9-10, 2018. President Xi Jinping chaired the meeting and attended several activities. The participants agreed to reinforce cooperation to build a global community of shared future, and achieved important progress regarding organization development, security, economic, cultural and humanitarian cooperation, and foreign relations.
上海合作組織
上海合作組織（簡稱“上合組織”）是由中國、俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦于2001年6月15日在上海宣布成立的永久性政府間國際組織。上合組織旨在加強成員國間的友好與信任，鼓勵成員國在政治、經貿、文化等領域的有效合作，致力于共同維護地區和平與穩定，推動建立公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序。上合組織對內遵循“互信、互利、平等、協商，尊重多樣文明、謀求共同發展”的“上海精神”，對外奉行不結盟、不針對其他國家和地區及開放原則。上合組織最高決策機構是成員國元首理事會， 該會議每年舉行一次，決定本組織所有重要問題。政府首腦理事會每年舉行一次，討論本組織框架下多邊合作和優先領域的戰略。上合組織有兩個常設機構，分別是設在北京的上合組織秘書處和設在塔什干的上合組織地區反恐怖機構執行委員會。除6個成員國外，目前上合組織還包括阿富汗、白俄羅斯、印度、伊朗、蒙古、巴基斯坦6個觀察員國，以及阿塞拜疆、亞美尼亞、柬埔寨、尼泊爾、土耳其、斯里蘭卡 6個對話伙伴。2018年6月9日至10日，上海合作組織成員國元首理事會第十八次會議在山東省青島市舉行，中國國家主席習近平主持會議并出席相關活動。青島峰會上，各方一致同意要為構建命運共同體加強各方面合作，并在組織發展、安全合作、經濟合作、人文合作、對外交往等領域取得重要成果。
