A System of Socialist Rule of Law
At its fourth plenary session in October 2014, the 18th CPC Central Committee noted that, “The overall goal of comprehensively promoting law-based governance is to establish a system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, and build a country of socialist rule of law.” This goal defines the nature and orientation for advancing law-based governnance and prioritizes the key tasks to fulfill.
The system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics is composed of five subsystems:
? a complete system of legal norms, to be assessed on whether the related legislation is scientific, democratic and ethical;
? a highly effective implementation system, the basic elements of which include a complete legislative system, a complete judicial system and a complete executive system;
? a rigorous system of legal oversight, including constraints and supervision by the National People’s Congress, administrative agencies, judicial agencies, mass media and the general public;
? a powerful system of strong legal protections, including important protections for establishing and upholding judicial powers, implementing and promoting openness in judicial proceedings, and adapting to and satisfying the needs of law-based governance; and
? refined internal rules of the CPC.
The basic requirements of a country of socialist rule of law include a sound and complete set of laws, the authoritativeness of those laws and their effective implementation.
To establish a socialist law-based country, China must take the path of law-based governance under Chinese socialism, maintain the leadership of the CPC, uphold the mastery of the people and the concept that everyone is equal before the law, integrate the rule of law and rule of virtue, and demand that this be based on the actual conditions of its own.
社會(huì)主義法治體系
2014年10月召開(kāi)的中共十八屆四中全會(huì)指出，“全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)，總目標(biāo)是建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治體系，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家?！比嫱七M(jìn)依法治國(guó)總目標(biāo)的提出，既明確了全面依法治國(guó)的性質(zhì)和方向，又突出了工作重點(diǎn)和總抓手。中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治體系由五個(gè)子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成：一是完備的法律規(guī)范體系，堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)立法、民主立法、道德立法為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；二是高效的法治實(shí)施體系，以完善立法程序、完善司法制度、完善執(zhí)政方式等為基本內(nèi)容；三是嚴(yán)密的法治監(jiān)督體系，包括全國(guó)人大的制約監(jiān)督、行政機(jī)關(guān)的制約監(jiān)督、司法機(jī)關(guān)的制約監(jiān)督、社會(huì)輿論的制約監(jiān)督、公民的制約監(jiān)督等各類監(jiān)督；四是有力的法治保障體系，以樹(shù)立和維護(hù)司法權(quán)威、實(shí)施和促進(jìn)司法公開(kāi)、適應(yīng)和滿足法治需求等為重要保障；五是完善的黨內(nèi)法規(guī)體系。社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家基本要求主要表現(xiàn)在法律完備而良好、法律權(quán)威、法律有效實(shí)施等方面。中國(guó)建設(shè)社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家，必須走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治道路，堅(jiān)持中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)持人民主體地位，堅(jiān)持法律面前人人平等，堅(jiān)持依法治國(guó)和以德治國(guó)相結(jié)合，堅(jiān)持從中國(guó)實(shí)際出發(fā)。