Making New Ground in Pursuing Opening Up on All Fronts
Since the third plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in late 1978, China’s opening up has proceeded from individual locations to a broader area, starting from Shenzhen and other special economic zones and spreading to places along the eastern coast, along the Yangtze River, in border regions, and further to the hinterlands in central and western China. The course of opening up is marked by such milestones as development of Pudong in Shanghai, entry to the WTO, pilot free trade areas, proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative, and building a global community of shared future.
In 2018, China saw its total import and export value exceeding 30 trillion yuan, and it utilized 885.6 billion yuan of foreign investment, both reaching a record high. The first China International Import Expo was held in Shanghai, attracting more than 3,600 enterprises worldwide and 400,000 domestic and overseas customers. Deals agreed were worth nearly $60 billion.
Opening up was key to China’s economic growth, and high-quality economic development in the future can be achieved only with greater openness. To open wider on all fronts, the country has to adapt to new conditions.
China will pursue the Belt and Road Initiative as a priority, give equal emphasis to “bringing in” and “going global,” follow the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration, and increase openness and cooperation in building innovation capacity. With these efforts, new ground will be made in opening China further through links running eastward and westward, across land and sea. In addition, China need to change its opening-up pattern from one based on the flow of products and factors to one based on institutions and rules.
China is practicing the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list across the board, reforming investment and trade management and industry and commerce system, building a business environment based on the rule of law, international rules and facilitation. With extensive openness spreading to rules and institutions, mindset and cultural sector, and ideas and concepts, the country is advancing its reform through opening for further development.
全面開放新格局
中共十一屆三中全會以來，中國的對外開放，由點到面、由淺入深，從深圳等經濟特區率先啟動，擴展到東部沿海、沿江、沿邊與中西部內陸地區；從浦東開發開放，到加入世界貿易組織；從設立自由貿易試驗區、共建“一帶一路”，到構建人類命運共同體。2018年，中國外貿進出口總值首次突破30萬億元，全年實際利用外資8856．1億元，雙雙創下歷史新高。同年，首屆國際進口博覽會亮相上海，來自五大洲的3600多家企業，超過40萬的中外采購商踴躍參會，成交額近600億美元。中國經濟發展是在開放條件下取得的，未來中國經濟實現高質量發展也必須在更加開放條件下進行。推動全方位對外開放，就是要適應新形勢、把握新特點，以“一帶一路”建設為重點，堅持引進來和走出去并重，遵循共商共建共享原則，加強創新能力開放合作，形成陸海內外聯動、東西雙向互濟的開放格局，推動由商品和要素流動型開放向規則等制度型開放轉變。中國正全面推行國民待遇原則加負面清單管理模式，推進投資貿易管理制度、工商制度變革；建設法治化、國際化、便利化的營商環境；深化規則、制度層面、思維方式、文化與觀念層面上的對外開放，借助開放推進改革、促進發展。