The Inspection Tour System
The inspection tour system is an important CPC institution through which Party committees at the central level and provincial, autonomous regional, and municipal levels form specialized inspection agencies to supervise Party organizations and leadership teams under their jurisdiction according to prescribed rules.
In 2003, internal Party rules made this system one of the CPC’s ten internal supervisory institutions. In 2007, the 17th CPC National Congress wrote it into the Party Constitution. In 2009, the Central Committee issued the “(Trial) Rules for CPC Inspection Work”. In August 2015, it distributed the “Rules for CPC Inspection Work”. In May 2017, the Political Bureau deliberated a resolution “On Revising the ‘Rules for CPC Inspection Work’”, and formally issued it on July 1.
According to these rules, inspection work must always be led by the Central Committee, with responsibilities assigned to each level; work must always be fact-based and done in accordance with the law; the mass line must always be observed and democracy given full play; the main responsibility for inspection work lies with the Party organization in charge of launching it; the principal work of an inspection team is to supervise the leadership teams and Party members under its jurisdiction; and inspection work can be in the forms of directed inspections, “second look” inspections, and “random” inspections. Twelve rounds of inspections have been organized by the Central Committee since the 18th National Congress, achieving for the first time in Party history full inspection coverage during the first term of a Central Committee.
Practice has shown inspection work to be effective and pragmatic. It has become an important platform for developing Party working practices and clean government, and for fighting corruption. It is an important form of internal Party supervision and a way to integrate this with supervision by the public. It is an important tool for higher level Party organizations to supervise lower levels ones, and it effectively supports the Party as it enforces comprehensive strict self-governance.
巡視制度
巡視制度是中國共產黨黨內的一項重要制度，是指中央和省、自治區、直轄市黨委，通過建立專門巡視機構，按照有關規定對下級黨組織領導班子及其成員進行監督的制度。2003年，以黨內法規的形式把巡視制度確定為黨內監督的十項制度之一；2007年，黨的十七大把巡視制度寫入黨章；2009年，黨中央頒布《中國共產黨巡視工作條例（試行）》；2015年8月，中共中央印發《中國共產黨巡視工作條例》；2017年5月，中央政治局審議了《關于修改〈中國共產黨巡視工作條例〉的決定》，并于7月1日正式頒布。按照規定，巡視工作堅持中央統一領導、分級負責；堅持實事求是、依法依規；堅持群眾路線、發揚民主；開展巡視工作的黨組織承擔巡視工作的主體責任；巡視組的主要工作職責是對下級黨組織領導班子及其成員進行監督；巡視的方式有專項巡視、“回頭看”、“機動式”巡視等。十八大以來，中央一共組織了十二輪巡視，實現了黨的歷史上首次一屆任期內中央巡視全覆蓋。實踐證明，巡視制度是有效的、管用的。巡視工作成為黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭的重要平臺，是黨內監督和群眾監督相結合的重要方式，是上級黨組織對下級黨組織監督的重要抓手，為全面從嚴治黨提供了有力支撐。
